Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Musculoskeletal System, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Foundation for Medical Education, Health Promotion, Art and Culture ARS MEDICA, Warsaw, Poland.
Med Sci Monit. 2022 Jun 18;28:e935665. doi: 10.12659/MSM.935665.
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most effective surgical procedures. It improves quality of life, increases range of motion, and reduces pain in patients with hip joint degeneration. THA allows patients to return to everyday social and professional activities. Therefore, today it is the best approach to treatment of several chronic conditions affecting the hip joint, including advanced degenerative diseases, avascular necrosis, and some traumatic events. The aim of this study was to present the mechanism of hip prosthesis dislocation, associated risk factors, and the factors reducing the risk of dislocation, as well as its consequences and methods of risk minimization. Hip dislocation is a common complication following THA. It is responsible for up to 2% to 3% failures of primary replacements, increasing even to 10% in extreme cases of patients highly predisposed to this condition. In most cases, technical errors during implant placement are responsible for the incidence. The measures taken to prevent complications include activities aimed at correct implant insertion and the selection of the most appropriate type of implant for the patient, depending on individual needs. We summarized the current knowledge of implant dislocation to help surgeons understand the changes in biomechanics of the hip after its replacement and the impact of each particular element that participates in it. This knowledge can enable a surgeon choose the most favorable surgical method and the most appropriate implant to reduce the risk of implant dislocation.
全髋关节置换术 (THA) 是最有效的手术之一。它可以提高生活质量、增加关节活动度、减轻髋关节退变患者的疼痛。THA 使患者能够恢复日常社交和职业活动。因此，目前它是治疗影响髋关节的几种慢性疾病的最佳方法，包括晚期退行性疾病、缺血性坏死和一些创伤性事件。本研究旨在介绍髋关节假体脱位的机制、相关危险因素以及降低脱位风险的因素，以及其后果和降低风险的方法。髋关节脱位是 THA 后的常见并发症。它是导致初次置换失败的高达 2%至 3%的原因，在对这种情况高度易患的患者的极端情况下，甚至增加到 10%。在大多数情况下，植入物放置过程中的技术错误是导致脱位的原因。为预防并发症而采取的措施包括旨在正确插入植入物的活动，以及根据患者的个体需求选择最合适的植入物类型。我们总结了目前关于植入物脱位的知识，以帮助外科医生了解髋关节置换后生物力学的变化以及参与其中的每个特定元素的影响。这些知识可以使外科医生选择最有利的手术方法和最合适的植入物，以降低植入物脱位的风险。
