接种两剂 BNT162b2 mRNA 疫苗 6 个月后日本医护人员的抗体效价和细胞免疫动力学。
Dynamics of antibody titers and cellular immunity among Japanese healthcare workers during the 6 months after receiving two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine.
机构信息
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
Clinical Laboratory, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
出版信息
Vaccine. 2022 Jul 30;40(32):4538-4543. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.016. Epub 2022 Jun 17.
BACKGROUND
The antibody titer is known to wane within months after receiving two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, knowledge of the cellular immune response dynamics following vaccination is limited. This study to aimed to determine antibody and cellular immune responses following vaccination, and the incidence and determinants of breakthrough infection.
METHODS
This prospective cohort study a 6-month follow-up period was conducted among Japanese healthcare workers. All participants received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers and T-cell immune responses were measured in serum samples collected at several timepoints before and after vaccination.
RESULTS
A total of 608 participants were included in the analysis. Antibody titers were elevated 3 weeks after vaccination and waned over the remainder of the study period. T-cell immune responses showed similar dynamics. Six participants without predisposing medical conditions seroconverted from negative to positive on the IgG assay for nucleocapsid proteins, indicating breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. Five of the six breakthrough infections were asymptomatic.
CONCLUSIONS
Both humoral and cellular immunity waned within 6 months after BNT162b2 vaccination. The incidence of asymptomatic breakthrough infection within 6 months after vaccination was approximately one percent.
UMIN CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY ID
UMIN000043340.
背景
已知接种两剂辉瑞-生物科技公司的 BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 疫苗后，抗体滴度会在数月内下降。然而，对于接种疫苗后的细胞免疫反应动态知之甚少。本研究旨在确定接种疫苗后的抗体和细胞免疫反应，以及突破性感染的发生率和决定因素。
方法
这项前瞻性队列研究在接种疫苗后进行了 6 个月的随访。所有参与者均接受了两剂 BNT162b2 疫苗。在接种疫苗前后的多个时间点采集血清样本，测量抗 SARS-CoV-2 抗体滴度和 T 细胞免疫反应。
结果
共有 608 名参与者纳入分析。接种疫苗后 3 周抗体滴度升高，随后在研究期间逐渐下降。T 细胞免疫反应也表现出类似的动态。在 IgG 核衣壳蛋白检测中，6 名无潜在疾病的参与者从阴性转为阳性，表明发生了突破性 SARS-CoV-2 感染。6 例突破性感染中有 5 例为无症状感染。
结论
接种 BNT162b2 疫苗后，体液和细胞免疫均在 6 个月内下降。接种疫苗后 6 个月内无症状突破性感染的发生率约为 1%。
UMIN 临床试验注册编号：UMIN000043340。
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