de Souza Leonardo Brynne Ramos, Gomes Yasmin Cabral, de Moraes Márcia Goretti Guimarães
Universidade Federal do Pará, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Belém PA, Brazil.
Universidade da Amazônia, Faculdade de Artes Visuais, Belém PA, Brazil.
Dement Neuropsychol. 2022 Jan-Mar;16(1):8-18. doi: 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2021-0042.
Aging is characterized by a reduction in physical, cognitive, and emotional functions, allowing multiple losses in the quality of life of the elderly. As a clinical situation that has a common association with pathological aging, neurocognitive disorder, previously named dementia, has become epidemiologically more relevant over the years. Thus, art therapy has recently emerged as an alternative technique for approaching these individuals, with the aim of improving cognitive, emotional, and quality of life aspects.
The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of the application of art therapy based on visual creative processes on cognitive, emotional, and quality of life aspects in elderly people with neurocognitive disorder.
This was a systematic review, carried out using CAPES, PubMed, SciELO, Bireme, PEDro, LILACS, and Scorpus databases between December 2020 and April 2021. Controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials were included in English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese, published between 1970 and 2021, with a focus on modalities of visual art production. The articles included at the end of the selection process were evaluated methodologically by the PEDro Scale of clinical trials.
A total of 14 articles were obtained at the end of the selection. Of note, 13 articles had a statistically significant outcome (p≤0.005) for quality of life, cognitive, and emotional functions after intervention with art therapy, being the most used interventions, such as drawing, paintings, and sculptures.
The results show significant impacts after the application of art therapy in its visual modality. However, studies with greater methodological rigor are needed to strengthen the evidence presented.
衰老的特征是身体、认知和情感功能减退，导致老年人生活质量出现多种下降。作为一种与病理性衰老普遍相关的临床情况，神经认知障碍（以前称为痴呆）在流行病学上的相关性近年来有所增加。因此，艺术疗法最近已成为一种针对这些个体的替代技术，旨在改善认知、情感和生活质量方面。
本研究的目的是分析基于视觉创作过程的艺术疗法对患有神经认知障碍的老年人的认知、情感和生活质量方面的影响。
这是一项系统评价，于2020年12月至2021年4月期间使用CAPES、PubMed、SciELO、Bireme、PEDro、LILACS和Scopus数据库进行。纳入了1970年至2021年间发表的英文、西班牙文、法文和葡萄牙文的对照和非对照临床试验，重点是视觉艺术创作方式。在选择过程结束时纳入的文章通过PEDro临床试验量表进行了方法学评估。
在选择过程结束时共获得14篇文章。值得注意的是，13篇文章在艺术疗法干预后，在生活质量、认知和情感功能方面有统计学显著结果（p≤0.005），最常用的干预措施如绘画、油画和雕塑。
结果表明，艺术疗法以其视觉形式应用后有显著影响。然而，需要更严格方法学的研究来加强所呈现的证据。
