de Carvalho Deived Uilian, Neves Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro, da Cruz Maria Aparecida, Longhi Talita Vigo, Behlau Franklin, de Carvalho Sérgio Alves, Leite Junior Rui Pereira
Área de Proteção de Plantas, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná (IDR-Paraná), Londrina, Brazil.
Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 May 31;13:915889. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.915889. eCollection 2022.
The Brazilian citrus orchards are comprised by few genotypes, which increases the risk of pest and disease outbreaks. The diversification of sweet oranges () in orchards also generates off-season revenue and extend the fruit processing period. This study aimed to evaluate several horticultural traits of 19 late-season sweet orange selections under citrus canker and huanglongbing (HLB) endemic condition in northwestern Paraná state, Brazil, in a long-term field experiment. Tree size, yield, fruit quality for fresh fruit and industrial markets, estimates of tree density and yield, and citrus canker and huanglongbing (HLB) incidences were assessed. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replicates and five trees per unit. The orchard was drip-irrigated and arranged at tree spacing of 6.5 m × 4.5 m. All scions were graft-compatible with Rangpur lime (). Valencia selections had the tallest trees and largest canopies, particularly Olinda, Frost and #121 with heights and volumes greater than 4.20 m and 43 m, respectively. Natal África do Sul and Whit's Late Valencia trees were the most productive with cumulative yields above 640 kg per tree. Most of the selections produced fruits of excellent physicochemical quality attending the fresh fruit and industrial market requirements. All selections showed similar horticultural characteristics for the fresh market, while Natal África do Sul and Charmute de Brotas were more suitable for juice processing. Frost Valencia and Valencia Late Fla. had the highest incidence of citrus canker on fruits (>20%), whereas IPR Folha Murcha, Charmute de Brotas and some Valencia selections (Chafeei Late, Campbell 479, Campbell 294, Olinda, Mutação and Whit's Late) exihibed low incidence (3.0-17.7%). At 9 years, Valencia Mutação trees had high HLB incidence (93%). In contrast, Natal IAC and Folha Murcha IAC showed the lowest HLB incidence (13%). Our results revealed that Natal IAC, Folha Murcha IAC, IPR Folha Murcha, Natal Murcha, Campbell 479 Valencia and Valencia Late Fla. had the best horticultural performance in addition to low HLB incidence. Together, these late-season sweet oranges are the most advantageous selections for citrus orchard diversification under citrus canker and HLB endemic conditions in humid subtropical regions.
巴西的柑橘园由少数基因型组成，这增加了病虫害爆发的风险。果园中甜橙品种的多样化还能带来淡季收入，并延长水果加工期。本研究旨在通过一项长期田间试验，评估巴西巴拉那州西北部柑橘溃疡病和黄龙病（HLB）流行条件下19个晚熟甜橙选种的若干园艺性状。评估了树体大小、产量、鲜食和加工市场的果实品质、树密度和产量估计，以及柑橘溃疡病和黄龙病（HLB）的发病率。试验设计为随机区组，重复三次，每个单元五棵树。果园采用滴灌，树间距为6.5米×4.5米。所有接穗与兰普柚（Rangpur lime）嫁接亲和。伏令夏橙选种的树最高，树冠最大，特别是奥林达（Olinda）、弗罗斯特（Frost）和#121，树高和体积分别大于4.20米和43立方米。南纳塔尔非洲（Natal África do Sul）和惠特晚熟伏令夏橙（Whit's Late Valencia）树产量最高，单株累计产量超过640千克。大多数选种的果实理化品质优良，符合鲜食和加工市场的要求。所有选种在鲜食市场表现出相似的园艺特性，而南纳塔尔非洲和布罗塔斯查尔穆特（Charmute de Brotas）更适合果汁加工。弗罗斯特伏令夏橙和佛罗里达晚熟伏令夏橙果实上的柑橘溃疡病发病率最高（>20%），而知识产权卷叶病（IPR Folha Murcha）、布罗塔斯查尔穆特和一些伏令夏橙选种（查菲晚熟、坎贝尔479、坎贝尔294、奥林达、突变种和惠特晚熟）发病率较低（3.0 - 17.7%）。9年后，伏令夏橙突变种树的黄龙病发病率很高（93%）。相比之下，南纳塔尔IAC和卷叶病IAC的黄龙病发病率最低（13%）。我们的结果表明，南纳塔尔IAC、卷叶病IAC、知识产权卷叶病、南纳塔尔卷叶病、坎贝尔479伏令夏橙和佛罗里达晚熟伏令夏橙除黄龙病发病率低外，园艺性能最佳。总之，这些晚熟甜橙是湿润亚热带地区柑橘溃疡病和黄龙病流行条件下柑橘园多样化最有利的选种。
