Yousef Alaa M, Abu-Farha Rana K, Abu-Hammour Khawla M
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2021 Nov 24;17(3):433-440. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.08.015. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Medication administration errors (MAEs) are the most common and significant type of medication errors worldwide. This study aims to assess the prevalence, types, and severity of MAEs. Furthermore, this study attempts to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of MAEs.
This cross-sectional study was conducted over a three-month interval in the internal medicine ward of a tertiary teaching hospital in Jordan. During the study period, 13 nurses were observed while they were preparing and administering medications using a direct disguised observation method. All the recorded observations about the preparation and administration were compared with the physician's orders in the medications' records to identify any possible MAEs.
Having observed a total of 1,012 opportunities for errors, 910 MAEs were identified. Among these 910 errors, adherence errors were found to be the most frequent type (n = 364, 35.9%), followed by incorrect drug preparation (n = 247, 24.4%). None of the MAEs revealed any serious harm to patients or contributed to prolonged hospitalization. Antimicrobial drugs (n = 210, 23.0%) was the most common class associated with MAEs, followed by the class of cardiovascular (n = 157, 17.2%) medicines. Results have shown that the occurrence of MAEs was significantly higher in the non-intravenous medications in comparison to the intravenous medications (-value < 0.001).
While this study revealed a high rate of MAEs, all the identified errors did not cause harm to the patients. Continuous awareness and education campaigns targeting the nurses about the importance of proper and safe drug administration are highly recommended.
用药错误（MAEs）是全球最常见且最严重的用药差错类型。本研究旨在评估用药错误的发生率、类型和严重程度。此外，本研究试图确定与用药错误发生相关的因素。
本横断面研究在约旦一家三级教学医院的内科病房进行，为期三个月。在研究期间，采用直接隐蔽观察法观察了13名护士准备和给药的过程。将所有记录的准备和给药观察结果与药物记录中的医生医嘱进行比较，以确定任何可能的用药错误。
在总共观察到的1012次出错机会中，发现了910次用药错误。在这910次错误中，依从性错误是最常见的类型（n = 364，35.9%），其次是药物配制错误（n = 247，24.4%）。没有一次用药错误对患者造成严重伤害或导致住院时间延长。抗菌药物（n = 210，23.0%）是与用药错误相关最常见的类别，其次是心血管药物类别（n = 157，17.2%）。结果表明，与静脉用药相比，非静脉用药中用药错误的发生率显著更高（P值<0.001）。
虽然本研究显示用药错误发生率很高，但所有已识别的错误均未对患者造成伤害。强烈建议针对护士持续开展提高认识和教育活动，强调正确和安全给药的重要性。
