Ahmed A M, Hyder A, Burke D L, Chan K H
J Orthop Res. 1987;5(2):217-30. doi: 10.1002/jor.1100050208.
Tensions generated in selected bands of the four major ligaments of the flexed knee (40-90 degrees) have been measured in vitro when the tibia is subjected to passive anterior translation and axial rotation with and without a compressive preload. The measurements were made in 30 fresh-frozen specimens using the buckle transducer attached to the anteromedial band of the anterior cruciate ligament [ACL (am)], the posterior fibres of the posterior cruciate ligament [PCL (pf)], the superficial fibres of the medial collateral ligament [MCL (sf)], and in the total lateral collateral ligament (LCL). Particular attention was placed on the evaluation of the performance of the transducer specific to such measurements in order to minimize the errors associated with the use of this transducer. The results indicate that, among the measured ligaments, substantial tension (greater than 20 N) is generated only in the ACL (am) in tibial anterior translation up to 5 mm. The tension pattern generated in response to tibial axial rotation, however, is complex and exhibits considerable variation between specimens. In general, both the MCL (sf) and LCL are tensed at all tested flexion angles, with the tension in external rotation being significantly greater than in internal rotation. At 40 degrees of flexion, the ACL (am) bears tension mainly in internal rotation, while at 90 degrees of flexion the PCL (pf) is tensed in both senses of rotation. The response of the LCL shows marked variation among specimens; very small tension (less than 15 N) is generated in internal rotation in 48% of the specimens, and in either sense of rotation in 20% of the specimens. The tension in the ACL (am) in internal rotation is invariably greater in those specimens in which LCL tension is negligible. This correlation between increased ACL (am) function and inadequate LCL restraint appears significant in terms of ACL injury and repair.
在膝关节屈曲（40 - 90度）时，对四个主要韧带的选定带区施加张力，在体外测量了胫骨在有或无压缩预负荷情况下进行被动前向平移和轴向旋转时的张力。使用连接到前交叉韧带[ACL（am）]前内侧带、后交叉韧带[PCL（pf）]后纤维、内侧副韧带[MCL（sf）]浅纤维以及外侧副韧带全束（LCL）的扣式换能器，对30个新鲜冷冻标本进行了测量。特别关注了针对此类测量的换能器性能评估，以尽量减少与该换能器使用相关的误差。结果表明，在所测量的韧带中，在胫骨前向平移达5毫米时，仅ACL（am）产生显著张力（大于20牛）。然而，响应胫骨轴向旋转产生的张力模式很复杂，且不同标本之间存在相当大的差异。一般来说，在所有测试的屈曲角度下，MCL（sf）和LCL均会产生张力，外旋时的张力明显大于内旋时的张力。在40度屈曲时，ACL（am）主要在胫骨内旋时承受张力，而在90度屈曲时，PCL（pf）在两种旋转方向上均会产生张力。LCL的响应在不同标本之间表现出明显差异；48%的标本在内旋时产生的张力非常小（小于15牛），20%的标本在任何一种旋转方向上产生的张力都很小。在LCL张力可忽略不计的标本中，ACL（am）在内旋时的张力始终更大。就ACL损伤和修复而言，ACL（am）功能增强与LCL约束不足之间的这种相关性似乎很显著。
