Fincham F D, Beach S R, Baucom D H
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1987 Apr;52(4):739-48. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.52.4.739.
The importance of the self-other distinction for understanding the relation between attributions and marital satisfaction is examined in two studies. In Study 1, causal attributions for naturally occurring behavior by the self and spouse were investigated. Study 2 examined both causal and responsibility attributions for hypothetical behaviors. In both studies, the attributions of spouses seeking therapy were investigated in relation to those of happily married persons in the community. The results showed that self-other attribution differences varied as a function of marital distress. Nondistressed spouses showed a positive attribution bias by making more benign attributions for partner behavior as opposed to self-behavior, whereas distressed spouses showed a negative attribution bias by making less benign attributions for partner behavior than for self-behavior. These findings suggest that self-attributions may, in part, determine the impact of attributions for spouse behavior on marital satisfaction. The clinical relevance of the results and their implications for research on actor-observer attribution differences are outlined.
两项研究探讨了自我与他人区分对于理解归因与婚姻满意度之间关系的重要性。在研究1中，调查了自我和配偶对自然发生行为的因果归因。研究2考察了对假设行为的因果归因和责任归因。在两项研究中，均将寻求治疗的配偶的归因与社区中婚姻幸福者的归因进行了比较。结果表明，自我与他人的归因差异随婚姻困扰程度而变化。婚姻无困扰的配偶表现出积极的归因偏差，即对伴侣行为做出比对自身行为更善意的归因，而婚姻困扰的配偶则表现出消极的归因偏差，即对伴侣行为做出比对自身行为更不善意的归因。这些发现表明，自我归因可能在一定程度上决定了对配偶行为的归因对婚姻满意度的影响。概述了研究结果的临床相关性及其对行为者-观察者归因差异研究的启示。
