School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
School of Food Science & Technology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
Chemosphere. 2022 Oct;305:135390. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135390. Epub 2022 Jun 18.
Indiscriminate usage, disposal and recalcitrance of petroleum-based plastics have led to its accumulation leaving a negative impact on the environment. Bioplastics, particularly microbial bioplastics serve as an ecologically sustainable solution to nullify the negative impacts of plastics. Microbial production of biopolymers like Polyhydroxyalkanoates, Polyhydroxybutyrates and Polylactic acid using renewable feedstocks as well as industrial wastes have gained momentum in the recent years. The current study outlays types of bioplastics, their microbial sources and applications in various fields. Scientific evidence on bioplastics has suggested a unique range of applications such as industrial, agricultural and medical applications. Though diverse microorganisms such as Alcaligenes latus, Burkholderia sacchari, Micrococcus species, Lactobacillus pentosus, Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Rhizobium sp., Enterobacter sp., Escherichia sp., Azototobacter sp., Protomonas sp., Cupriavidus sp., Halomonas sp., Saccharomyces sp., Kluyveromyces sp., and Ralstonia sp. are known to produce bioplastics, the industrial production of bioplastics is still challenging. Thus this paper also provides deep insights on the advancements made to maximise production of bioplastics using different approaches such as metabolic engineering, rDNA technologies and multitude of cultivation strategies. Finally, the constraints to microbial bioplastic production and the future directions of research are briefed. Hence the present review emphasizes on the importance of using bioplastics as a sustainable alternative to petroleum based plastic products to diminish environmental pollution.
石油基塑料的无差别使用、处置和难降解导致其大量积累，对环境造成负面影响。生物塑料，特别是微生物生物塑料，是一种生态可持续的解决方案，可以消除塑料的负面影响。近年来，使用可再生原料和工业废物生产聚羟基烷酸酯、聚羟基丁酸酯和聚乳酸等生物聚合物的微生物生产已经得到了发展。本研究概述了生物塑料的类型、它们的微生物来源以及在各个领域的应用。关于生物塑料的科学证据表明，它具有独特的应用范围，如工业、农业和医学应用。尽管有多种微生物，如产碱杆菌、沙雷氏菌、微球菌属、戊糖乳杆菌、芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属、克雷伯氏菌属、根瘤菌属、肠杆菌属、大肠杆菌属、固氮菌属、原单胞菌属、铜绿假单胞菌属、盐单胞菌属、酿酒酵母属、克鲁维酵母属和罗尔斯通氏菌属等能够生产生物塑料，但生物塑料的工业化生产仍然具有挑战性。因此，本文还深入探讨了利用代谢工程、rDNA 技术和多种培养策略等不同方法来最大限度地提高生物塑料产量所取得的进展。最后，简要介绍了微生物生物塑料生产的限制因素和未来的研究方向。因此，本综述强调了使用生物塑料作为石油基塑料产品的可持续替代品的重要性，以减少环境污染。
