Kirillova Aleksandra, Lado Anna, Blatt Nataliya
Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation.
Bionanoscience. 2022;12(4):1436-1454. doi: 10.1007/s12668-022-00997-9. Epub 2022 Jun 15.
Coronavirus infection can have various degrees of severity and outcomes. In some cases, it causes excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, a so-called cytokine storm, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Unfortunately, the exact pathophysiology and treatment, especially for severe cases of COVID-19, are still uncertain. Results of preliminary studies showed that immunosuppressive therapy, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, and TNF-α antagonists commonly used in rheumatology, can be considered as treatment options for COVID-19, especially in severe cases. The review focused on the most common and currently studied monoclonal antibody drugs, as well as up-to-date data on the pathogenesis of COVID-19, host immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and its association with cytokine storm. It also covered effects of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, and TNF-α blockers on the course of coronavirus infection and outcome in patients treated for the main autoimmune disease and subsequently infected with COVID-19.
冠状病毒感染可导致不同程度的严重程度和后果。在某些情况下，它会导致促炎细胞因子过度产生，即所谓的细胞因子风暴，进而引发急性呼吸窘迫综合征。不幸的是，确切的病理生理学和治疗方法，尤其是针对重症 COVID-19 病例的，仍然不确定。初步研究结果表明，免疫抑制疗法，如风湿病中常用的白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-1 和 TNF-α 拮抗剂，可被视为 COVID-19 的治疗选择，尤其是在重症病例中。该综述重点关注了最常见且目前正在研究的单克隆抗体药物，以及关于 COVID-19 发病机制、宿主针对 SARS-CoV-2 的免疫反应及其与细胞因子风暴关联的最新数据。它还涵盖了白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-1 和 TNF-α 阻滞剂对冠状病毒感染病程以及患有主要自身免疫性疾病并随后感染 COVID-19 的患者结局的影响。
