Department of Physiology and The Eisdell Moore Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand.
Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2022 Mar 22;14(2):8. doi: 10.31083/j.fbe1402008.
Disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease (CeD) result in intestinal hyperpermeability or 'leaky' gut. The increased permeability of the intestinal barrier allows microbial metabolites, toxins, and pathogens to infiltrate the bloodstream and extraintestinal tissues, causing systemic inflammation. Despite differences in aetiology and pathophysiology, IBD and CeD share several extraintestinal manifestations such as neuroinflammation, neurological and psychiatric manifestations, and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This narrative review focuses on the association between intestinal hyperpermeability with the brain and inner ear diseases. We postulate that the microbial metabolites and pathogens released from the gut increase the permeability of natural barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB). The barrier breakdown allows the spreading of inflammatory processes to the brain and inner ear, leading to disease.
炎症性肠病 (IBD) 和乳糜泻 (CeD) 等疾病导致肠道通透性增加或“渗漏”。肠道屏障的通透性增加，使微生物代谢物、毒素和病原体渗透到血液和肠道外组织中，引起全身炎症。尽管病因和病理生理学存在差异，但 IBD 和 CeD 有一些共同的肠道外表现，如神经炎症、神经和精神表现以及感觉神经性听力损失 (SNHL)。本综述重点关注肠道通透性与脑和内耳疾病之间的关系。我们推测，从肠道释放的微生物代谢物和病原体增加了天然屏障（如血脑屏障 (BBB) 和血迷路屏障 (BLB)）的通透性。屏障破坏使炎症过程扩散到大脑和内耳，导致疾病发生。
