Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 12;25(22):12125. doi: 10.3390/ijms252212125.
The gut-brain axis (GBA) plays a pivotal role in human health and wellness by orchestrating complex bidirectional regulation and influencing numerous critical processes within the body. Over the past decade, research has increasingly focused on the GBA in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Beyond its well-documented effects on the GBA-enteric nervous system and vagus nerve dysregulation, and gut microbiota misbalance-IBD also leads to impairments in the metabolic and cellular functions: metabolic dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cationic transport, and cytoskeleton dysregulation. These systemic effects are currently underexplored in relation to the GBA; however, they are crucial for the nervous system cells' functioning. This review summarizes the studies on the particular mechanisms of metabolic dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cationic transport, and cytoskeleton impairments in IBD. Understanding the involvement of these processes in the GBA may help find new therapeutic targets and develop systemic approaches to improve the quality of life in IBD patients.
肠道-大脑轴（GBA）在人体健康和福祉中起着关键作用，通过协调复杂的双向调节并影响体内许多关键过程。在过去的十年中，研究越来越关注肠道-大脑轴在炎症性肠病（IBD）中的作用。除了其对肠道-神经系统和迷走神经失调以及肠道微生物失衡的已有充分文献记载的影响外，IBD 还会导致代谢和细胞功能受损：代谢失调、线粒体功能障碍、阳离子转运和细胞骨架失调。这些系统性影响与肠道-大脑轴的关系目前尚未得到充分探讨；然而，它们对于神经系统细胞的功能至关重要。这篇综述总结了关于代谢失调、线粒体功能障碍、阳离子转运和 IBD 中细胞骨架损伤的特定机制的研究。了解这些过程在肠道-大脑轴中的参与可能有助于找到新的治疗靶点，并开发改善 IBD 患者生活质量的系统性方法。
