EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
Health Soc Care Community. 2022 Nov;30(6):e4821-e4830. doi: 10.1111/hsc.13889. Epub 2022 Jun 22.
Females and males frequently report substantial differences in social capital indicators and may use healthcare distinctly. Nevertheless, the potential effect of sex on the relation between social capital and healthcare use remains unclear. This study aims to quantify the association between different indicators of individuals' social capital and healthcare use, according to sex. Data were retrieved from the Sixth Wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), which was conducted in 2015, and included 68,188 participants from 18 countries. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were computed using logistic regression. Overall, males and females with smaller social networks, those who live alone or with any other relatives besides their partners, and those whose first close confidant was a family member or a neighbour reported fewer contacts with medical doctors or nurses, as well as with dentists or dental hygienists. Amongst females, participation in educational or training courses (AOR = 1.67, 95%CI:1.40-2.00; p for interaction = 0.035) and sport, social or any other club (AOR = 1.79, 95%CI:1.58-2.02; p for interaction = 0.043) was associated with a more frequent contact with dentists or dental hygienists. Females who participated in volunteer or charity work (AOR = 0.76, 95%CI:0.64-0.91; p for interaction = 0.042) and political or community-related organisations (AOR = 0.72, 95%CI:0.52-1.00; p for interaction = 0.030) were less likely to report the use of polypharmacy. This outcome was more frequently observed amongst females who referred feelings of severe loneliness (AOR = 1.44, 95%CI:1.22-1.68; p for interaction < 0.001). Social capital is associated with healthcare use distinctively amongst males and females. Increasing opportunities for social participation may improve healthcare use, particularly amongst females.
女性和男性经常报告在社会资本指标方面存在显著差异，并且可能在医疗保健方面的使用上存在明显差异。然而，性别的差异对社会资本与医疗保健使用之间关系的潜在影响仍不清楚。本研究旨在根据性别，量化个体社会资本的不同指标与医疗保健使用之间的关联。数据来自 2015 年进行的第六波欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查（SHARE），该调查包括来自 18 个国家的 68188 名参与者。使用逻辑回归计算调整后的优势比（AOR）和 95%置信区间（95%CI）。总体而言，社交网络较小、独自居住或与伴侣以外的其他亲属居住的男性和女性，以及将第一亲密知己视为家庭成员或邻居的男性和女性，与医生或护士以及牙医或口腔卫生师的接触较少。在女性中，参加教育或培训课程（AOR=1.67，95%CI：1.40-2.00；p 交互=0.035）和参加运动、社交或其他俱乐部（AOR=1.79，95%CI：1.58-2.02；p 交互=0.043）与更频繁地接触牙医或口腔卫生师相关。参加志愿或慈善工作（AOR=0.76，95%CI：0.64-0.91；p 交互=0.042）和政治或社区相关组织（AOR=0.72，95%CI：0.52-1.00；p 交互=0.030）的女性不太可能报告使用多种药物。这种结果在报告严重孤独感的女性中更为常见（AOR=1.44，95%CI：1.22-1.68；p 交互<0.001）。社会资本与男性和女性的医疗保健使用明显相关。增加社交参与的机会可能会改善医疗保健的使用，尤其是在女性中。
