Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2022 Aug;75:102588. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102588. Epub 2022 Jun 19.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune condition of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by acute inflammatory relapses, chronic neuro-axonal degeneration, and subsequent disability progression. T cells - in interaction with B cells and CNS-resident glial cells - are key initiators and drivers of neurodegeneration in MS. However, it is not entirely clear how encephalitogenic T cells orchestrate the local immune response within the brain and how they overtake disease stage-specific roles in MS pathogenesis. This review highlights recent advances in understanding direct and indirect T cell-neuron interactions in inflammatory and progressive MS. Finally, we discuss new diagnostic tools such as neurofilament light chain (NfL), which is on the cusp of becoming a key factor in clinical and therapeutic decision-making.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种中枢神经系统（CNS）的慢性自身免疫性疾病，其特征为急性炎症发作、慢性神经轴突变性以及随后的残疾进展。T 细胞——与 B 细胞和中枢神经系统固有神经胶质细胞相互作用——是 MS 中神经退行性变的关键启动子和驱动因素。然而，尚不完全清楚致脑炎 T 细胞如何在大脑内协调局部免疫反应，以及它们如何在 MS 发病机制中超越疾病特定阶段的作用。本综述强调了在理解炎症性和进行性 MS 中 T 细胞-神经元直接和间接相互作用方面的最新进展。最后，我们讨论了新的诊断工具，如神经丝轻链（NfL），它即将成为临床和治疗决策的关键因素。
