Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
PEDEGO Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Childs Nerv Syst. 2022 Oct;38(10):1929-1936. doi: 10.1007/s00381-022-05587-4. Epub 2022 Jun 23.
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of depressive symptoms and self-esteem, and their association with facial asymmetry in adults who were operated on in early childhood due to metopic and sagittal craniosynostosis.
The study population consisted of 49 non-syndromic patients of whom 41 had premature fusion of the sagittal and 8 of metopic suture. There were 64 controls from the Finnish National Register. Self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and subjective satisfaction with one's appearance were evaluated by using the Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire (RSE), the short form of Beck Depression Inventory (R-BDI), and a purpose-designed questionnaire on satisfaction with facial and overall appearance. Aesthetic evaluation was done from standard photographs using panels. The facial symmetry was calculated by using 3D photogrammetric methods.
Patients did not have a lower self-esteem or experience significantly more moderate or severe depressive symptoms. However, 20% of the patients and 6% of the controls (p = 0.041) experienced mild depressive symptoms. There was no difference between self-assessed evaluation of appearance between the groups. Only weak correlation was found between facial asymmetry and RSE or R-BDI results (cc = 0.27-0.42, p < 0.05). The self-assessed evaluation of facial and overall appearance correlated strongly with the R-BDI results.
Non-syndromic craniosynostosis patients are as satisfied with their appearance in adulthood as the control group and do not experience a lower self-esteem or more depressive symptoms. Facial asymmetry does not correlate with low self-esteem or clinically significant depressive symptoms in adulthood. Subjective evaluation of one's appearance correlated with depressive symptoms. Age and gender do not influence the former results. Overall, patients are satisfied with their appearance.
本研究旨在探讨抑郁症状和自尊的存在及其与儿童早期因矢状缝和冠状缝融合过早而接受手术的成年人面部不对称的关系。
研究人群包括 49 名非综合征患者，其中 41 名患者的矢状缝和 8 名患者的冠状缝过早融合。对照组为来自芬兰国家登记处的 64 名对照者。采用罗森伯格自尊量表（RSE）、贝克抑郁量表简表（R-BDI）和专门设计的面部和整体外观满意度问卷评估自尊、抑郁症状和对自己外貌的主观满意度。使用面板从标准照片进行美学评估。使用 3D 摄影测量法计算面部对称性。
患者的自尊没有降低，也没有经历更严重的抑郁症状。然而，20%的患者和 6%的对照组（p=0.041）出现轻度抑郁症状。两组患者对自己外貌的自我评估没有差异。仅发现面部不对称与 RSE 或 R-BDI 结果之间存在弱相关（cc=0.27-0.42，p<0.05）。对面部和整体外观的自我评估与 R-BDI 结果有较强的相关性。
非综合征性颅缝早闭患者在成年后对自己的外貌与对照组一样满意，自尊心没有降低，也没有更多的抑郁症状。面部不对称与成年后自尊心低或临床显著抑郁症状无关。对自己外貌的主观评价与抑郁症状有关。年龄和性别不影响上述结果。总的来说，患者对自己的外貌很满意。
