Hermann C D, Hyzy S L, Olivares-Navarrete R, Walker M, Williams J K, Boyan B D, Schwartz Z
School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
J Dent Res. 2016 Jul;95(8):846-52. doi: 10.1177/0022034516643315. Epub 2016 Apr 13.
Craniosynostosis occurs in approximately 1 in 2,000 children and results from the premature fusion of ≥1 cranial sutures. If left untreated, craniosynostosis can cause numerous complications as related to an increase in intracranial pressure or as a direct result from cranial deformities, or both. More than 100 known mutations may cause syndromic craniosynostosis, but the majority of cases are nonsyndromic, occurring as isolated defects. Most cases of craniosynostosis require complex cranial vault reconstruction that is associated with a high risk of morbidity. While the first operation typically has few complications, bone rapidly regrows in up to 40% of children who undergo it. This resynostosis typically requires additional surgical intervention, which can be associated with a high incidence of life-threatening complications. This article reviews work related to the dental and maxillofacial implications of craniosynostosis and discusses clinically relevant animal models related to craniosynostosis and resynostosis. In addition, information is provided on the imaging modalities used to study cranial defects in animals and humans.
颅缝早闭在每2000名儿童中约有1例发生，是由≥1条颅缝过早融合所致。如果不进行治疗，颅缝早闭会因颅内压升高或颅骨畸形直接导致或两者兼而有之而引发多种并发症。100多种已知突变可能导致综合征性颅缝早闭，但大多数病例为非综合征性，表现为孤立性缺陷。大多数颅缝早闭病例需要进行复杂的颅盖重建，且发病风险很高。虽然首次手术通常并发症较少，但在接受该手术的儿童中，高达40%的患儿骨会迅速再生。这种再次融合通常需要额外的手术干预，这可能会导致危及生命的并发症发生率很高。本文回顾了与颅缝早闭的口腔颌面影响相关的研究工作，并讨论了与颅缝早闭和再次融合相关的临床相关动物模型。此外，还提供了用于研究动物和人类颅骨缺陷的成像方式的信息。
