Kocsel Natália, Horváth Zsolt, Reinhardt Melinda, Szabó Edina, Kökönyei Gyöngyi
Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Heliyon. 2022 Jun 7;8(6):e09688. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09688. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Previous findings suggest a female preponderance in nonproductive thoughts -rumination and worry-, but studies on gender differences in the strength of the relationship between nonproductive thoughts, somatic symptoms and subjective well-being are scarce. Our aim was to test whether gender and age would moderate these associations.
1572 adolescents were involved in this representative cross-sectional study (770 boys; mean age = 15.39; SD = 2.26 years). Nonproductive thoughts were measured by Nonproductive Thoughts Questionnaire for Children (NPTQ-C), somatic symptoms were assessed by Somatic Complaint List (SCL), while Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) was used to measure subjective well-being. To assess the moderation effects of age and gender on the relationship between nonproductive thoughts, somatic symptoms and well-being, four multiple indicator multiple causes (MIMIC) models were defined.
Our results suggested that higher rates of nonproductive thoughts predicted a higher level of somatic symptoms and a lower level of subjective well-being. The analyses revealed that although nonproductive thoughts were strongly and equally associated with somatic symptoms among boys and girls, age was a significant moderator. Gender also moderated the relationship between nonproductive thoughts and subjective well-being.
Our results support the importance of nonproductive thoughts in somatic symptoms and highlight that the strength of the relationship is similar across both genders but could be dependent upon age. The findings also shed light on the decreased well-being of girls, especially with elevated level of nonproductive thoughts.
先前的研究结果表明，在非生产性思维（反刍和担忧）方面女性占比更高，但关于非生产性思维、躯体症状和主观幸福感之间关系强度的性别差异研究较少。我们的目的是检验性别和年龄是否会调节这些关联。
1572名青少年参与了这项具有代表性的横断面研究（770名男孩；平均年龄=15.39岁；标准差=2.26岁）。使用儿童非生产性思维问卷（NPTQ-C）测量非生产性思维，用躯体主诉清单（SCL）评估躯体症状，同时采用心理健康连续体简表（MHC-SF）测量主观幸福感。为了评估年龄和性别对非生产性思维、躯体症状和幸福感之间关系的调节作用，定义了四个多指标多原因（MIMIC）模型。
我们的结果表明，较高的非生产性思维发生率预示着较高的躯体症状水平和较低的主观幸福感水平。分析显示，虽然男孩和女孩的非生产性思维与躯体症状之间的关联都很强且相当，但年龄是一个显著的调节因素。性别也调节了非生产性思维与主观幸福感之间的关系。
我们的结果支持了非生产性思维在躯体症状中的重要性，并强调这种关系的强度在两性中相似，但可能取决于年龄。这些发现也揭示了女孩幸福感下降的情况，尤其是在非生产性思维水平较高时。
