Suzuki Nobuhiro, Shigaki Shunsuke, Yunose Mai, Putrawisesa Nicholas Raditya, Hogaki Sho, Di Piazza Maria Carmela
Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-Cho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan.
Department of System Innovation, Osaka University, 1-2 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
Biomimetics (Basel). 2022 Jun 19;7(2):83. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics7020083.
In this paper, the main features of systems that are required to flexibly modulate energy states of plant cells in response to environmental fluctuations are surveyed and summarized. Plant cells possess multiple sources (chloroplasts and mitochondria) to produce energy that is consumed to drive many processes, as well as mechanisms that adequately provide energy to the processes with high priority depending on the conditions. Such energy-providing systems are tightly linked to sensors that monitor the status of the environment and inside the cell. In addition, plants possess the ability to efficiently store and transport energy both at the cell level and at a higher level. Furthermore, these systems can finely tune the various mechanisms of energy homeostasis in plant cells in response to the changes in environment, also assuring the plant survival under adverse environmental conditions. Electrical power systems are prone to the effects of environmental changes as well; furthermore, they are required to be increasingly resilient to the threats of extreme natural events caused, for example, by climate changes, outages, and/or external deliberate attacks. Starting from this consideration, similarities between energy-related processes in plant cells and electrical power grids are identified, and the potential of mechanisms regulating energy homeostasis in plant cells to inspire the definition of new models of flexible and resilient electrical power grids, particularly microgrids, is delineated. The main contribution of this review is surveying energy regulatory mechanisms in detail as a reference and helping readers to find useful information for their work in this research field.
本文对植物细胞中响应环境波动灵活调节能量状态所需系统的主要特征进行了调查和总结。植物细胞拥有多种产生能量的来源（叶绿体和线粒体），这些能量用于驱动许多过程，同时还具备根据条件优先为高优先级过程充分提供能量的机制。此类能量供应系统与监测环境和细胞内部状态的传感器紧密相连。此外，植物在细胞水平及更高层面都具备高效存储和运输能量的能力。再者，这些系统能够根据环境变化精细调节植物细胞中能量稳态的各种机制，确保植物在不利环境条件下存活。电力系统也容易受到环境变化的影响；此外，它们需要对例如气候变化、停电和/或外部蓄意攻击等极端自然事件的威胁具备更强的复原能力。基于这一考虑，我们确定了植物细胞中与能量相关过程和电网之间的相似性，并阐述了植物细胞中调节能量稳态的机制在启发定义灵活且有复原力的新型电网，特别是微电网方面的潜力。本综述的主要贡献在于详细调查能量调节机制以供参考，并帮助读者在该研究领域的工作中找到有用信息。
