Ramírez-Cerón Daniel, Rodríguez-Leyva Esteban, Lomeli-Flores J Refugio, Soto-Rojas Lauro, Ramírez-Alarcón Samuel, Segura-Miranda Antonio
Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco 56230, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
Insects. 2022 May 31;13(6):514. doi: 10.3390/insects13060514.
is the main pest of cruciferous crops worldwide. To reduce populations, better integration of natural control and chemical control (dominant tactic used) is needed. This work analyzed the compatibility of nine insecticides with the parasitoid , outlining them as complementary tools in an integrated pest management strategy. The acute toxicity of spinosad, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, flonicamid, naled, pyridalyl, emamectin benzoate, and spinetoram against the parasitoid was assessed. Residual activity (persistence) was also evaluated over time; the mortality of the parasitoid in contact with leaf tissue of plants treated with insecticides was analyzed. According to the International Organization of Biological Control, all nine insecticides were toxic to ; the lowest mortality was recorded with spirotetramat (64%) and pyridalyl (48%), while the rest of the insecticides caused 100% mortality at 72 h after application. In terms of persistence, by days 14, 16, 16, 17, 17, 21, and 22 after application, flonicamid, naled, spirotetramat, spinosad, piridalyl, imidacloprid, and indoxacarb caused mortality of less than 25%, respectively, so they were considered harmless (Category 1). Nonetheless, some insecticide toxicity and residual activity must be regarded within integrated pest management programs for conserving the role of field populations.
是全球十字花科作物的主要害虫。为了减少其种群数量，需要更好地整合自然控制和化学控制（常用的主要策略）。这项工作分析了九种杀虫剂与寄生蜂的兼容性，将它们概述为综合害虫管理策略中的互补工具。评估了多杀菌素、吡虫啉、茚虫威、氟啶虫酰胺、二溴磷、氯虫·高氯氟、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和乙基多杀菌素对寄生蜂的急性毒性。还随时间评估了残留活性（持久性）；分析了寄生蜂与用杀虫剂处理过的植物叶片组织接触后的死亡率。根据国际生物防治组织的说法，所有九种杀虫剂对 都有毒性；螺虫乙酯（64%）和氯虫·高氯氟（48%）的死亡率最低，而其余杀虫剂在施药后72小时导致100%的死亡率。在持久性方面，施药后第14、16、16、17、17、21和22天，氟啶虫酰胺、二溴磷、螺虫乙酯、多杀菌素、氯虫·高氯氟、吡虫啉和茚虫威分别导致死亡率低于25%，因此它们被认为是无害的（1类）。尽管如此，在综合害虫管理计划中，为了保护田间种群的作用，必须考虑一些杀虫剂的毒性和残留活性。
