Molnár Bianka, Szabó Szilárd, Holb Imre J
Faculty of Agronomy, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Department of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 May 28;8(6):580. doi: 10.3390/jof8060580.
Shot hole disease (SHD) can cause severe epidemics in plum orchards, depending on cultivar susceptibility and training system; however, the combined effect on the progress of temporal disease and on the possible reduction in SHD in the disease management was not investigated. The aim of this 3-year study was (i) to monitor and analyze the temporal dynamics of SHD progress under four training systems (4 × 1.5, 4 × 2, 5 × 2.5 and 6 × 3 m) and on four plum cultivars ('Čačanska lepotica', 'Bluefre', 'Stanley' and 'President') in an integrated plum orchard; (ii) to identify those time periods when training system and cultivar combinations can reduce the disease development. Both SHD incidences and the area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) were significantly affected by the training system, cultivar and year. Plum cultivars with high or mid-high susceptibility to SHD showed continuous SHD development from May to November, while cultivars with low susceptibility to SHD showed no symptoms until mid-summer and then progressed slowly until November. High (4 × 1.5 m) vs. low (6 × 3 m) density training systems reduced SHD incidence and AUDPC consistently for three cultivars ('Čačanska lepotica', 'Stanley' and 'President') in September, October and November, compared to the high-density training system. Only cv. 'Bluefre' showed no effect either on disease incidence or AUDPC, due to very high disease incidences in all training systems from September to November. In conclusions, combinations of training system and cultivar can significantly reduce SHD incidence, which may be successfully used as a part of the integrated pest management approach during the establishment new plantations.
穿孔病（SHD）在李子园中可能引发严重疫情，这取决于品种的易感性和整形方式；然而，尚未研究其对病害发生时间进程以及病害管理中SHD可能减少情况的综合影响。这项为期3年的研究旨在：（i）监测和分析在一个综合李子园中，四种整形方式（4×1.5、4×2、5×2.5和6×3米）以及四个李子品种（‘恰昌斯卡·莱波蒂察’、‘布鲁弗雷’、‘斯坦利’和‘总统’）上SHD发生的时间动态；（ii）确定整形方式和品种组合能够减少病害发展的时间段。SHD发病率和病害进展曲线下面积（AUDPC）均受到整形方式、品种和年份的显著影响。对SHD具有高易感性或中高易感性的李子品种，从5月到11月SHD持续发展，而对SHD具有低易感性的品种直到仲夏才出现症状，然后缓慢发展至11月。与高密度整形方式相比，在9月、10月和11月，高（4×1.5米）密度与低（6×3米）密度整形方式使三个品种（‘恰昌斯卡·莱波蒂察’、‘斯坦利’和‘总统’）的SHD发病率和AUDPC持续降低。仅‘布鲁弗雷’品种在发病率或AUDPC方面均未表现出影响，因为从9月到11月所有整形方式下的发病率都非常高。总之，整形方式和品种的组合可显著降低SHD发病率，这可成功用作新建果园综合害虫管理方法的一部分。
