Analysis of the Mechanisms of Impairment of Functional Parameters of Internal Organs in Saturnism in an Experiment in Rats.

In rats with lead intoxication (intramuscular administration of lead acetate in a dose 5 mg/kg for 30 days), the development of oxidative stress, reduced expression of endothelial NO synthase and total metabolites of NO production, as well as an increased content of norepinephrine were observed. Lead-induced nephropathy developed; diuresis and sodium excretion increased due to a decrease in tubular transport of water and sodium ions. Activation of free-radical reactions in cells of the renal cortex and medulla contributed to inhibition of Na,K-ATPase. LPO caused damage to cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, which was seen from elevation of AST, ALT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum and a decrease in activity of Na,K-ATPase in the organs tissues. Metabolic disorders revealed in saturnism in experimental rats (LPO activation, reduced expression of endothelial NO synthase and total metabolites of NO, and increased blood norepinephrine) contributed to the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction and hemodynamics disturbances, and damage to cells of internal organs: kidney, myocardium, liver.