Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
PLoS One. 2022 Jun 23;17(6):e0270244. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270244. eCollection 2022.
The current study aimed to understand the perceptions and experiences of Iranian parents and principals of preschool children on weight management based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model (PPM), a comprehensive structure for assessing health needs for designing, implementing, and evaluating health promotion, and other public health programs. PRECEDE provides a structure for planning a targeted and focused public health program, and PROCEED provides a structure for implementing and evaluating the program. Data were gathered from 17 preschoolers' parents and two principals using semi-structured interviews in the preschool setting in Tehran, the capital of Iran, in 2019. Data were analyzed manually through directed content analysis based on constructs in phases two and three of the PPM, simultaneously with data collection. This study identified genetic, behavioral (e.g., food preferences, physical activity, sedentary behaviors, the effect of parents', peers', principals' and teachers' behavior and also influence of grandparents' and neighbors' behaviors) and environmental (e.g., home, grandparents' home and preschool) factors from the epidemiological construct. Also, predisposing (e.g., child's attitude, parent's and principals' attitude, as well as parents' knowledge and parents' and principals' beliefs), enabling (e.g., parental skills and skills of the principals and teachers, rules and laws in the preschools, and availability), and reinforcing (e.g., family support and influences, teachers' encouragement and influences, and peers' influences) factors were identified from the educational and ecological construct. Additionally, "quality of child-parent relationship" was determined as a new factor affecting preschoolers' weight management promotion; however, it was not in the PPM. In the study, parents' and principals' experiences regarding preschoolers' weight management promotion confirmed the genetic, behavioral, environmental, predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors of the PPM. "Quality of child-parent relationship" factor may be related to the culture and family relationship type of Iranian people, which is suggested to be investigated in future studies.
本研究旨在基于 PRECEDE-PROCEED 模型（PPM）理解伊朗学前儿童父母和校长对体重管理的看法和经验，该模型是评估健康需求、设计、实施和评估健康促进和其他公共卫生计划的综合结构。PRECEDE 为规划有针对性和重点突出的公共卫生计划提供了结构，而 PROCEED 为实施和评估计划提供了结构。2019 年，在伊朗首都德黑兰的一所幼儿园中，采用半结构式访谈的方式，从 17 名学前儿童的父母和 2 名校长那里收集了数据。数据是通过基于 PPM 第二和第三阶段结构的定向内容分析手动分析的，与数据收集同时进行。本研究从流行病学结构中确定了遗传、行为（例如，食物偏好、体力活动、久坐行为、父母、同伴、校长和教师行为的影响以及祖父母和邻居行为的影响）和环境（例如，家庭、祖父母家和幼儿园）因素。此外，从教育和生态结构中确定了倾向（例如，孩子的态度、父母和校长的态度以及父母和校长的知识和信念）、使能（例如，父母的技能和校长和教师的技能、幼儿园的规则和法律以及可用性）和强化（例如，家庭支持和影响、教师的鼓励和影响以及同伴的影响）因素。此外，“亲子关系质量”被确定为影响学前儿童体重管理促进的新因素；然而，它不在 PPM 中。在研究中，父母和校长在促进学前儿童体重管理方面的经验证实了 PPM 的遗传、行为、环境、倾向、使能和强化因素。“亲子关系质量”因素可能与伊朗人的文化和家庭关系类型有关，建议在未来的研究中进行调查。
