African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria.
Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), Rome, Italy.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022 Aug;94:103914. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103914. Epub 2022 Jun 20.
The increasingly broad and massive use of pharmaceuticals (human, veterinary) and personal care products in industrially developing nations makes their uncontrolled environmental and ecological impact a true concern. Focusing on Nigeria, this systematic literature search (databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane library and African Journals Online) aims to increase visibility to the issue. Among 275 articles identified, 7 were included in this systematic review. Studies indicated the presence of 11 personal care products (15.94 %) and 58 pharmaceutical products (84.06 %) in surface and ground water, leachates, runoffs, sludge, and sediments. The 42.86% (3/7) of reviewed studies reported 17 analgesics; 71.42 % (5/7) reported 16 antibiotics; 28.57 % (2/7) reported 5 lipid lowering drugs; 28.57% reported anti-malaria and fungal drugs; 14.29 % (1/7) reported estrogen drugs. Different studies report on sunscreen products, hormone, phytosterol, insect repellent, and β1 receptor. Gemfibrozil (<4-730 ng/L), Triclosan (55.1-297.7 ng/L), Triclocarban (35.6-232.4 ng/L), Trimethoprim (<1-388 ng/L) and Tramadol (<2-883 ng/L) had the highest range of concentrations. Findings confirm the need of i) legislation for environmental monitoring, including biota, ii) toxicological profiling of new market products, and iii) sensitization on appropriate use and disposal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products.
在工业发展中国家，药品（人类用、兽医用）和个人护理产品的使用日益广泛和大量，其对环境和生态的不可控影响令人担忧。本系统文献检索（数据库：PubMed、ScienceDirect、Google Scholar、EMBASE、Scopus、Cochrane library 和 African Journals Online）以尼日利亚为例，旨在提高人们对该问题的认识。在确定的 275 篇文章中，有 7 篇被纳入本系统评价。研究表明，11 种个人护理产品（15.94%）和 58 种药品（84.06%）存在于地表水和地下水、浸出液、径流、污泥和沉积物中。在审查的 7 项研究中，有 42.86%（3/7）报告了 17 种镇痛药；71.42%（5/7）报告了 16 种抗生素；28.57%（2/7）报告了 5 种降血脂药物；28.57%报告了抗疟疾和抗真菌药物；14.29%（1/7）报告了雌激素药物。不同的研究报告了防晒霜产品、激素、植物固醇、驱虫剂和β1 受体。吉非贝齐（<4-730ng/L）、三氯生（55.1-297.7ng/L）、三氯卡班（35.6-232.4ng/L）、甲氧苄啶（<1-388ng/L）和曲马多（<2-883ng/L）的浓度范围最高。研究结果证实，需要：i）制定环境监测法规，包括生物群；ii）对新市场产品进行毒理学评估；iii）提高对药品和个人护理产品的正确使用和处理的认识。
