Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Nov;29(54):81804-81829. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21494-2. Epub 2022 Jun 23.
The groundwater resources of mining areas have been in a challenging condition in terms of metal pollution and human health. Therefore, this study investigated the concentration of cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), tin (Sn), and antimony (Sb) in groundwater samples (wells, qanats, and springs) in a heavily contaminated mining district, South Khorasan, Eastern Iran. Human health risk of the studied metals to target groups was assessed, and water quality of the studied groundwater was investigated in the study area. A total of 367 sampling sites (279 wells, 74 qanats, and 14 springs) in South Khorasan Province were selected to collect the groundwater samples from June to July 2020. Sampling was performed thrice for each sampling point, and hydrochemical parameters were evaluated using a portable multiparameter. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect the metal concentrations. Results showed an order of Se > Mo > Sn > Co > Sb, and hazard index (HI) demonstrated a warning condition for south of South Khorasan (drinking application), southwest of South Khorasan (Irrigation application), and east and center of South Khorasan (drinking-irrigation application). Hydrochemical parameters showed a classification of "Na + K type" and "Mixed Ca-Mg-Cl type" with an overall group of "Na-Cl-HCO" for sampled waters. Ficklin-Caboi diagram depicted a classification of "near-neutral low metal," and Schoeller diagram classified studied groundwater as "good" for drinking and irrigation consumptions and "Na-Cl" type based on ion balance diagram. Based on the correlation analysis, positive relationships were recorded among EC, TDS, Cl, Na, sulfate, Ca, salt, total hardness, Mg, ammonia, and K measured in the water samples. In essence, arid regions of the world greatly rely upon groundwater resources for drinking and irrigation consumptions, and mining districts with a heavy load of active mines can be a serious threat to the groundwater quality and human health.
矿区的地下水资源在金属污染和人类健康方面一直面临挑战。因此，本研究调查了伊朗东部南呼罗珊省一个重度污染矿区地下水样本（水井、坎儿井和泉水）中钴（Co）、钼（Mo）、硒（Se）、锡（Sn）和锑（Sb）的浓度。评估了研究金属对目标群体的人体健康风险，并研究了研究区地下水的水质。2020 年 6 月至 7 月，从南呼罗珊省选择了 367 个采样点（279 口井、74 口坎儿井和 14 个泉水）采集地下水样本。每个采样点采集了三次样本，使用便携式多参数评估了水化学参数。电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）用于检测金属浓度。结果表明，Se>Mo>Sn>Co>Sb，危害指数（HI）显示南呼罗珊南部（饮用水应用）、南呼罗珊西南部（灌溉应用）以及南呼罗珊东部和中心（饮用水-灌溉应用）存在警告情况。水化学参数显示出“Na+K 型”和“混合 Ca-Mg-Cl 型”的分类，采样水的总体组分为“Na-Cl-HCO”。Ficklin-Caboi 图显示了“近中性低金属”的分类，Schoeller 图根据离子平衡图将研究区地下水分类为“良好”，可用于饮用水和灌溉消费，以及“Na-Cl”型。根据相关分析，记录了水中 EC、TDS、Cl、Na、硫酸盐、Ca、盐、总硬度、Mg、氨和 K 之间的正相关关系。从本质上讲，世界上的干旱地区非常依赖地下水资源用于饮用水和灌溉消费，而活跃矿山负荷沉重的矿区可能对地下水质量和人类健康构成严重威胁。
