Brumm Adam
Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jun 20;12(12):1592. doi: 10.3390/ani12121592.
This paper investigates the origin of the once popular belief in Australian society that wild dingoes do not attack humans. To address this problem, a digital repository of archived newspaper articles and other published texts written between 1788 and 1979 were searched for references to dingoes attacking non-Indigenous people. A total of 52 accounts spanning the period between 1804 and 1928 was identified. A comparison of these historical accounts with the details of modern dingo attacks suggests that at least some of the former are credible. The paper also examined commonly held attitudes towards dingoes in past Australian society based on historical print media articles and other records. Early chroniclers of Australian rural life and culture maintained that dingoes occasionally killed and ate humans out of a predatory motivation. By the early decades of the 20th century, however, an opposing view of this species had emerged: namely, that dingoes were timid animals that continued to pose a danger to livestock, but never to people. This change in the cultural image of dingoes can possibly be linked to more than a century of lethal dingo control efforts greatly reducing the frequency of human-dingo interactions in the most populous parts of the country. This intensive culling may also have expunged the wild genetic pool of dingoes that exhibited bold behaviour around people and/or created a dingo population that was largely wary of humans.
本文探究了澳大利亚社会曾经流行的一种观念的起源,即野生澳洲野犬不会攻击人类。为解决这一问题,我们在一个数字资料库中搜索了1788年至1979年间存档的报纸文章及其他已发表文本中关于澳洲野犬攻击非原住民的相关内容。共识别出52篇涵盖1804年至1928年期间的记录。将这些历史记录与现代澳洲野犬攻击事件的细节进行比较后发现,至少其中一些历史记录是可信的。本文还根据历史印刷媒体文章及其他记录,研究了过去澳大利亚社会对澳洲野犬的普遍态度。澳大利亚农村生活与文化的早期记录者认为,澳洲野犬有时会出于捕食动机杀死并吃掉人类。然而,到了20世纪初几十年,出现了一种与此相反的对该物种的看法:即澳洲野犬是胆小的动物,它们继续对牲畜构成威胁,但从不威胁人类。澳洲野犬文化形象的这种变化可能与一个多世纪以来为控制澳洲野犬数量而进行的致命行动有关,这些行动极大地减少了在该国人口最密集地区人类与澳洲野犬的互动频率。这种密集捕杀还可能清除了那些在人类周围表现出大胆行为的澳洲野犬的野生基因库,和/或造就了一个基本对人类怀有戒心的澳洲野犬种群。