Liang Xiaolong, Luo Xiaolong, Lin Hongxing, Han Fenglu, Qin Jian G, Chen Liqiao, Xu Chang, Li Erchao
Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Jun 10;11(6):1143. doi: 10.3390/antiox11061143.
Phospholipids have an important antioxidant effect on animals. The effects of different dietary phospholipid sources on the growth, antioxidant activity, immunity, and gut microbiota of female broodstock of Pacific white shrimp were investigated. Four isoproteic and isolipid semi-purified diets containing 4% soybean lecithin (SL), egg yolk lecithin (EL), or krill oil (KO) and a control diet without phospholipid supplementation were fed to female broodstock of (34.7 ± 4.2 g) for 28 days. The growth performance, antioxidative capacity, and innate immunity of the female broodstock fed phospholipid supplemented diets were improved regardless of sources compared with the control shrimp. The effects on growth and antioxidant capacity in female shrimp fed the KO diet were highest. The innate immunity of female shrimp fed the EL and KO diets were significantly higher than shrimp fed the SL diet. Dietary phospholipid supplementation increased gut microbiota diversity and richness, and the Chao1 and ACE values in the KO group were significantly higher than in the control group. The richness of Proteobacteria, , and decreased, whereas the richness of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increased in the shrimp fed the KO diet compared with the shrimp fed the SL and EL diets. The interactions of gut microbiota in shrimp fed the KO diet were the most complex, and the positive interaction was the largest among all the treatments. The functional genes of gut microbiota in shrimp fed the KO diet were significantly enriched in lipid metabolism and terpenoid/polyketide metabolism pathways. Spearman correlation analysis showed that had significantly positive correlations with antioxidant activity (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), immune enzyme activity (phenoloxidase and lysozyme), and immune gene expression (C-type lectin 3, Caspase-1). All findings suggest that dietary phospholipids supplementation can improve the growth and health status of female broodstock. Krill oil is more beneficial in improving the antioxidant capacity and innate immunity than other dietary phospholipid sources. Furthermore, krill oil can help establish the intestinal immune barrier by increasing the richness of and promote the growth of female shrimp. may be involved in iron metabolism to improve the antioxidant capacity of female shrimp.
磷脂对动物具有重要的抗氧化作用。研究了不同膳食磷脂来源对凡纳滨对虾雌亲虾生长、抗氧化活性、免疫力和肠道微生物群的影响。将四种等蛋白、等脂的半纯化饲料（分别含有4%的大豆卵磷脂（SL）、蛋黄卵磷脂（EL）或磷虾油（KO））以及一种不添加磷脂的对照饲料投喂给体重为（34.7±4.2克）的雌亲虾，持续28天。与对照虾相比，无论磷脂来源如何，投喂添加磷脂饲料的雌亲虾的生长性能、抗氧化能力和先天免疫力均得到改善。投喂磷虾油饲料的雌虾在生长和抗氧化能力方面的效果最佳。投喂蛋黄卵磷脂和磷虾油饲料的雌虾的先天免疫力显著高于投喂大豆卵磷脂饲料的雌虾。膳食补充磷脂增加了肠道微生物群的多样性和丰富度，磷虾油组的Chao1和ACE值显著高于对照组。与投喂大豆卵磷脂和蛋黄卵磷脂饲料的雌虾相比，投喂磷虾油饲料的雌虾中变形菌门、 、 丰度降低，而厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门丰度增加。投喂磷虾油饲料的雌虾肠道微生物群的相互作用最为复杂，且在所有处理中正向相互作用最大。投喂磷虾油饲料的雌虾肠道微生物群的功能基因在脂质代谢和萜类/聚酮类代谢途径中显著富集。Spearman相关性分析表明， 与抗氧化活性（总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）、免疫酶活性（酚氧化酶和溶菌酶）以及免疫基因表达（C型凝集素3、半胱天冬酶-1）呈显著正相关。所有研究结果表明，膳食补充磷脂可改善凡纳滨对虾雌亲虾的生长和健康状况。磷虾油在提高抗氧化能力和先天免疫力方面比其他膳食磷脂来源更有益。此外，磷虾油可通过增加 的丰富度来帮助建立肠道免疫屏障，并促进雌虾生长。 可能参与铁代谢以提高雌虾的抗氧化能力。
