Fattorini Simone
Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
Biology (Basel). 2022 Jun 8;11(6):886. doi: 10.3390/biology11060886.
As a natural bridge between Europe and Africa, Italy occupies a prominent position to understand the biogeography of Europe. The influence of climatic, spatial, and historical factors on current patterns of species richness and turnover (i.e., inter-regional biogeographical differences) has been analyzed for 88 species occurring in 17 Italian natural regions. Use of multimodel inference showed that odonate richness decreased southwards in response to decreasing rainfall, as expected for animals that depend on freshwater for their development. Use of Mantel tests indicated that patterns of inter-regional similarities were influenced by both climate and geographical distances. These patterns, as highlighted using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling, indicate a role for historical factors. Biogeographical similarities between Italian regions and adjacent areas revealed multiple colonization pathways. These results, coupled with the overall southward decrease in species richness, suggest that, after serving as a Pleistocene refuge from which odonates may have colonized medio-European areas, Italy was in turn subject to colonization from north to south. This resulted in Italian odonate fauna being less species rich compared to faunas in the medio-European territories, but also being biogeographically very complex.
作为欧洲和非洲之间的天然桥梁，意大利在理解欧洲生物地理学方面占据着显著地位。针对意大利17个自然区域中出现的88个物种，分析了气候、空间和历史因素对当前物种丰富度和更替模式（即区域间生物地理差异）的影响。多模型推断的结果表明，豆娘的丰富度随着降雨量的减少而向南降低，这对于依赖淡水进行发育的动物来说是预期之中的。Mantel检验的结果表明，区域间相似性模式受到气候和地理距离的影响。使用非度量多维标度法突出显示的这些模式表明了历史因素的作用。意大利各区域与相邻地区之间的生物地理相似性揭示了多种殖民化路径。这些结果，再加上物种丰富度总体上向南降低的情况，表明意大利在作为更新世避难所，豆娘可能从中殖民中欧地区之后，反过来又受到了从北向南的殖民化影响。这导致意大利豆娘动物群的物种丰富度低于中欧地区的动物群，但生物地理学上也非常复杂。
