Hou Yingyu, Zhang Xinyue, Liu Xixia, Wu Qin, Hou Jianjun, Su Ping, Guo Qian
Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China.
Hubei Engineering Research Center of Special Wild Vegetables Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization Technology, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China.
Foods. 2022 Jun 20;11(12):1814. doi: 10.3390/foods11121814.
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and furfural (FF) are products of the maillard reaction (MR) in milk powder and their safety is controversial. The concentration changes of 5-HMF and FF after a period of cold storage were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then, we compared the toxicity effects of 5-HMF (2, 20, or 200 μM) in milk powder matrix and standard water on the oxidative stress system of zebrafish embryos. The results showed that the concentration of 5-HMF was stable, and the concentration of FF degraded over time. 5-HMF-exposed zebrafish embryos had a LC value of 961 μM for 120 h. High-concentration of 5-HMF exposure resulted in developmental toxicity and induced oxidative stress. 5-HMF exposure resulted in low expression of gene at 200 μM in both matrices. Moreover, , , , and genes were differentially highly expressed in other groups or showed no significant difference. Residual levels in all groups were well below the exposed dose, with a maximum value of only 0.4‱. These results provided a theoretical basis for understanding the effects of 5-HMF exposure in milk powder matrix on the oxidative stress system and suggested that the presence of 5-HMF in our daily consumption of milk powder does not produce significant toxic effects and need not be overstressed.
5-羟甲基糠醛（5-HMF）和糠醛（FF）是奶粉中美拉德反应（MR）的产物，其安全性存在争议。通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定了奶粉在冷藏一段时间后5-HMF和FF的浓度变化。然后，我们比较了奶粉基质和标准水中5-HMF（2、20或200μM）对斑马鱼胚胎氧化应激系统的毒性作用。结果表明，5-HMF的浓度稳定，而FF的浓度随时间降解。暴露于5-HMF的斑马鱼胚胎在120小时内的LC值为961μM。高浓度的5-HMF暴露导致发育毒性并诱导氧化应激。在两种基质中，5-HMF暴露在200μM时均导致基因低表达。此外， 、 、 、 和 基因在其他组中差异高表达或无显著差异。所有组中的残留水平均远低于暴露剂量，最大值仅为0.4‱。这些结果为理解奶粉基质中5-HMF暴露对氧化应激系统的影响提供了理论依据，并表明我们日常食用的奶粉中5-HMF的存在不会产生显著的毒性作用，无需过度担忧。
