State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jun 13;23(12):6603. doi: 10.3390/ijms23126603.
Protein phosphorylation is the most frequent post-translational modification (PTM) that plays important regulatory roles in a wide range of biological processes. Phosphorylation mainly occurs on serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), and tyrosine (Tyr) residues, with the phosphorylated Tyr sites accounting for ~1-2% of all phosphorylated residues. Tyr phosphorylation was initially believed to be less common in plants compared to animals; however, recent investigation indicates otherwise. Although they lack typical protein Tyr kinases, plants possess many dual-specificity protein kinases that were implicated in diverse cellular processes by phosphorylating Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues. Analyses of sequenced plant genomes also identified protein Tyr phosphatases and dual-specificity protein phosphatases. Recent studies have revealed important regulatory roles of Tyr phosphorylation in many different aspects of plant growth and development and plant interactions with the environment. This short review summarizes studies that implicated the Tyr phosphorylation in biosynthesis and signaling of plant hormones.
蛋白质磷酸化是最常见的翻译后修饰（PTM）之一，在广泛的生物过程中发挥着重要的调节作用。磷酸化主要发生在丝氨酸（Ser）、苏氨酸（Thr）和酪氨酸（Tyr）残基上，其中磷酸化的 Tyr 位点约占所有磷酸化残基的 1-2%。最初认为与动物相比，植物中的 Tyr 磷酸化不太常见；然而，最近的研究表明并非如此。尽管植物缺乏典型的蛋白 Tyr 激酶，但它们拥有许多双特异性蛋白激酶，这些激酶通过磷酸化 Ser、Thr 和 Tyr 残基参与各种细胞过程。对已测序的植物基因组的分析还鉴定了蛋白 Tyr 磷酸酶和双特异性蛋白磷酸酶。最近的研究揭示了 Tyr 磷酸化在植物生长发育以及植物与环境相互作用的许多不同方面的重要调节作用。本综述总结了涉及植物激素生物合成和信号转导中 Tyr 磷酸化的研究。
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