Femtosecond Laser Deposition of Germanium Selenide onto Silicon Platform at Different Substrate Temperatures.

Germanium selenide (GeSe) thin films were fabricated by employing femtosecond pulsed-laser deposition (fs-PLD) on silicon (100) substrates at various substrate temperatures, ranging from 25 °C to 600 °C. The thin films' surface morphology qualities and optical properties were studied by utilising transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The X-ray diffraction result signifies that the thin films deposited on the silicon at a substrate temperature below 400 °C were amorphous Ge-Se. In contrast, those grown at 400 °C and above exhibited crystallised peaks of Ge-Se orthorhombic and tetragonal structures. The deposition growth rate of the thin films was also found to decrease substantially with increasing substrate temperature. These results show that the fs-PLD process has great potential for fabricating good quality Ge-Se thin film. This technique could enable the manufacture of modern optoelectronic devices for applications in optical communication, sensing, and ovonic threshold switching for the high-density crossbar memory array.