Padhiar Nigam H, Liu Jin-Biao, Wang Xu, Wang Xiao-Long, Bodnar Brittany H, Khan Shazheb, Wang Peng, Khan Adil I, Luo Jin-Jun, Hu Wen-Hui, Ho Wen-Zhe
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 May 27;10(6):858. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10060858.
Because the vaccine-elicited antibody and neutralizing activity against spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are associated with protection from COVID-19, it is important to determine the levels of specific IgG and neutralization titers against SARS-CoV-2 elicited by the vaccines. While three widely used vaccine brands (Pfizer-BNT162b2, Moderna-mRNA-1273 and Johnson-Ad26.COV2.S) are effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and alleviating COVID-19 illness, they have different efficacy against COVID-19. It is unclear whether the differences are due to varying ability of the vaccines to elicit a specific IgG antibody response and neutralization activity against spike protein of the virus. In this study, we compared the plasma IgG and neutralization titers against spike proteins of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and eight variants in healthy subjects who received the mRNA-1273, BNT162b2 or Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. We demonstrated that subjects vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S vaccine had significantly lower levels of IgG and neutralizing titers as compared to those who received the mRNA vaccines. While the linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between IgG levels and neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 WT and the variants, there was an overall reduction in neutralizing titers against the variants in subjects across the three groups. These findings suggest that people who received one dose of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine have a more limited IgG response and lower neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 WT and its variants than recipients of the mRNA vaccines. Thus, monitoring the plasma or serum levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG titer and neutralization activity is necessary for the selection of suitable vaccines, vaccine dosage and regimens.
由于疫苗诱导产生的针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）刺突蛋白的抗体和中和活性与预防冠状病毒病（COVID-19）相关，因此确定疫苗诱导产生的针对SARS-CoV-2的特异性IgG水平和中和效价很重要。虽然三种广泛使用的疫苗品牌（辉瑞-BNT162b2、莫德纳-mRNA-1273和强生-Ad26.COV2.S）在预防SARS-CoV-2感染和减轻COVID-19病情方面有效，但它们对COVID-19的疗效不同。尚不清楚这些差异是否是由于疫苗诱导针对该病毒刺突蛋白产生特异性IgG抗体反应和中和活性的能力不同所致。在本研究中，我们比较了接种mRNA-1273、BNT162b2或Ad26.COV2.S疫苗的健康受试者血浆中针对野生型SARS-CoV-2及其八个变体刺突蛋白的IgG和中和效价。我们发现，与接种mRNA疫苗的受试者相比，接种Ad26.COV2.S疫苗的受试者的IgG水平和中和效价显著较低。虽然线性回归分析显示IgG水平与针对SARS-CoV-2野生型及其变体的中和活性之间呈正相关，但三组受试者针对变体的中和效价总体上有所降低。这些发现表明，与接种mRNA疫苗的人相比，接种一剂Ad26.COV2.S疫苗的人对SARS-CoV-2野生型及其变体的IgG反应更有限，中和活性更低。因此，监测抗SARS-CoV-2刺突IgG效价和中和活性的血浆或血清水平对于选择合适的疫苗、疫苗剂量和接种方案是必要的。
