Westwood Samuel J, Bozhilova Natali, Criaud Marion, Lam Sheut-Ling, Lukito Steve, Wallace-Hanlon Sophie, Kowalczyk Olivia S, Kostara Afroditi, Mathew Joseph, Wexler Bruce E, Kadosh Roi Cohen, Asherson Philip, Rubia Katya
Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AB, UK.
School of Psychology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK.
IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2021 Dec 24;12:55-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.12.005. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a possible alternative to psychostimulants in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but its mechanisms of action in children and adolescents with ADHD are poorly understood. We conducted the first 15-session, sham-controlled study of anodal tDCS over right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) combined with cognitive training (CT) in 50 children/adolescents with ADHD. We investigated the mechanisms of action on resting and Go/No-Go Task-based QEEG measures in a subgroup of 23 participants with ADHD (n, sham = 10; anodal tDCS = 13). We failed to find a significant sham versus anodal tDCS group differences in QEEG spectral power during rest and Go/No-Go Task performance, a correlation between QEEG and Go/No-Go Task performance, and changes in clinical and cognitive measures. These findings extend the non-significant clinical and cognitive effects in our sample of 50 children/adolescents with ADHD. Given that the subgroup of 23 participants would have been underpowered, the interpretation of our findings is limited and should be used as a foundation for future investigations. Larger, adequately powered randomized controlled trials should explore different protocols titrated to the individual and using comprehensive measures to assess cognitive, clinical, and neural effects of tDCS and its underlying mechanisms of action in ADHD.
经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）可能是治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的精神兴奋剂的替代方法，但其在患有ADHD的儿童和青少年中的作用机制尚不清楚。我们对50名患有ADHD的儿童/青少年进行了第一项为期15次的、假刺激对照的研究，该研究对右下额叶皮质（rIFC）进行阳极tDCS并结合认知训练（CT）。我们在23名患有ADHD的参与者亚组（n，假刺激 = 10；阳极tDCS = 13）中研究了其对静息和基于Go/No-Go任务的脑电地形图测量的作用机制。我们未能发现在静息和Go/No-Go任务表现期间，假刺激组与阳极tDCS组在脑电地形图频谱功率上存在显著差异，脑电地形图与Go/No-Go任务表现之间也无相关性，临床和认知测量指标也没有变化。这些发现扩展了我们在50名患有ADHD的儿童/青少年样本中的非显著临床和认知效应。鉴于23名参与者的亚组样本量不足，我们的研究结果的解释受到限制，应作为未来研究的基础。规模更大、有足够样本量的随机对照试验应探索针对个体调整的不同方案，并使用综合测量方法来评估tDCS在ADHD中的认知、临床和神经效应及其潜在作用机制。
