INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
i3S, Instituto de Inovação e Investigação da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2022 Jun 16;27(6):195. doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2706195.
The preservation of natural ecosystems, as well as the correct management of human societies, largely depends on the maintenance of critical microbial functions associated with soils. Soils are biodiversity rich pools, and rhizosphere soils can be associated with increased plant functions in addition to the regulation of nutrient cycling, litter decomposition, soil fertility and food production by agriculture systems. The application of biocontrol agents or plant growth-promoting bacteria has been tested in order to colonize roots at initial stages and offer advantages by promoting healthier and higher-yielding crops. In this review we describe the efforts to develop more sustainable systems that seek to minimize environmental disruption while maintaining plant health. Particular emphasis is given in this review to soil improvement strategies and the taxonomic groups involved in plant growth and protection against biotic stresses. It is important to define the impacts of land management and crop production practices on the structure and composition of soil bacterial communities. By promoting, monitoring and controlling the plant microbiome, and understanding the role of certain biocontrol agents within the plant throughout the lifecycle of the plant, we may substantially improve nutritional and environmental standards and reduce the negative impact of some agrochemicals. The integration of biological alternatives with traditional strategies may be critical to improve the sustainability of agriculture systems.
自然生态系统的保护以及人类社会的正确管理在很大程度上取决于与土壤相关的关键微生物功能的维持。土壤是富含有生物多样性的蓄水池，根际土壤除了可以通过调节养分循环、凋落物分解、土壤肥力和农业系统的粮食生产来促进植物功能外，还可以与增加的植物功能相关联。为了在初始阶段定植根系并通过促进更健康和更高产的作物来提供优势，已经测试了生物防治剂或植物促生菌的应用。在本综述中，我们描述了为寻求在维持植物健康的同时将对环境的破坏最小化而开发更可持续系统的努力。本文特别强调了土壤改良策略以及参与植物生长和保护免受生物胁迫的分类群。重要的是要定义土地管理和作物生产实践对土壤细菌群落结构和组成的影响。通过促进、监测和控制植物微生物组，并了解植物在整个生命周期内某些生物防治剂在植物中的作用，我们可以显著提高营养和环境标准，并减少一些农用化学品的负面影响。将生物替代物与传统策略相结合可能对提高农业系统的可持续性至关重要。
