Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences (UHAS), Ho, Volta Region, Ghana.
PLoS One. 2022 Jun 24;17(6):e0270353. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270353. eCollection 2022.
Promoting healthy lifestyles is important to protect against obesity and non-communicable diseases. However, there is a lack of understanding of the enablers and barriers to healthy lifestyles (dietary and physical activity) among pre-service nursing trainees in Ghana. This study therefore aims to examine the perceived practice, enablers and barriers in adopting healthy dietary and physical activity behaviours.
Cross-sectional qualitative, one-on-one in-depth interviews with a semi-structured guide were conducted with 16 nursing trainees (public health nursing) (aged: 18-25 years) in the School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences. Participants were selected based on body mass index (underweight, normal, over-weight, and obesity) classification of the world health organization. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data analysis was manually carried out.
Enablers and barriers were grouped into levels of individual (intrapersonal), social environment, physical environment, and university factors based on ecological model initially formulated by Bronfenbrenner's. Enablers to healthy dietary behaviour were self-discipline, dietary knowledge, social support, and access/availability. Enablers related to physical activity mentioned were body image, social support, and the existence of student societies. Barriers to healthy dietary behaviour included upbringing, preference, accessibility, safety/appearance, and studies/lectures. Barriers mentioned in relation to physical activity include a busy lifestyle, inadequate feeding, studies/academic activity, student societies, upbringing, and social support.
A program to support healthy lifestyles for nursing trainees is needed. Specifically, in terms of developing and implementing interventions to overcome barriers and promote facilitators to adopt healthy dietary and physical activity behaviours whilst in training.
促进健康的生活方式对于预防肥胖和非传染性疾病很重要。然而，加纳的护理实习生对健康生活方式（饮食和体育活动）的促进因素和障碍因素缺乏了解。因此，本研究旨在探讨护理实习生对健康饮食和体育活动行为的感知实践、促进因素和障碍因素。
在健康与联合科学大学护理与助产学院，对 16 名护理实习生（公共卫生护理）（年龄：18-25 岁）进行了横断面定性、一对一的半结构化深入访谈。参与者是根据世界卫生组织的体重指数（体重不足、正常、超重和肥胖）分类选择的。访谈进行了录音并转录。手动进行数据分析。
根据 Bronfenbrenner 最初制定的生态模型，将促进因素和障碍因素分为个人（内在）、社会环境、物理环境和大学因素的各个层面。健康饮食行为的促进因素包括自律、饮食知识、社会支持和获取/可用性。提到的与体育活动相关的促进因素包括身体形象、社会支持和学生社团的存在。健康饮食行为的障碍包括教养、偏好、可及性、安全性/外观以及学习/讲座。与体育活动相关的障碍包括忙碌的生活方式、营养不足、学习/学术活动、学生社团、教养和社会支持。
需要为护理实习生制定支持健康生活方式的计划。具体而言，需要制定和实施干预措施，以克服障碍，促进健康饮食和体育活动行为的促进因素，同时在培训中。
