Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Oct 10;842:156838. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156838. Epub 2022 Jun 22.
Plastic wastes are produced in a large amount everywhere, and are commonly disposed in landfills. So landfill leachate seems an obvious source of microplastics (MPs) and phthalate esters (PAEs) due to a huge usage as plastic additives and plasticizers. But this issue still lacks attention and the present study provides the first information on the levels of MPs and PAEs in the fresh landfill leachate of Bushehr port during different seasons. The mean levels of MPs and PAEs in the fresh leachate in all seasons were 79.16 items/L and 3.27 mg/L, respectively. Also, the mean levels of PAEs in MPs were 48.33 μg/g. A statistically significant difference was detected in the levels of MPs and PAEs among different seasons with the highest values in summer and fall. MPs with a size of >1000 μm had the highest abundance in all seasons. The most prominent shape, color, and type of MPs in the leachate were fibers black, and nylon, respectively. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the most dominant PAEs present in the leachate samples. The results of this study revealed high hazard index (HI) and pollution load index (PLI) of MPs in all seasons. Dioctyl phthalate (DOP), DEHP, DBP, diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP) represented a high risk to the sensitive organisms. The results of this study showed that significant levels of MPs and PAEs may release into the surrounding environment from the landfill sites without sufficient protection. This issue is more critical when the landfill sites in particular are located near the marine environments like the Bushehr landfill that is located near the Persian Gulf, which can lead to serious environmental problems. Thus permanent control and monitor of landfills, especially in the coastal areas are highly needed to prevent further pollution.
塑料废弃物在各处大量产生，通常被填埋处理。由于作为塑料添加剂和增塑剂的大量使用，垃圾渗滤液似乎是微塑料（MPs）和邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的一个明显来源。但这个问题仍然缺乏关注，本研究首次提供了不同季节布什尔港新鲜垃圾渗滤液中 MPs 和 PAEs 水平的信息。所有季节新鲜渗滤液中 MPs 和 PAEs 的平均水平分别为 79.16 个/L 和 3.27mg/L，MPs 中 PAEs 的平均水平为 48.33μg/g。不同季节 MPs 和 PAEs 的水平存在统计学差异，夏季和秋季的浓度最高。所有季节 MPs 中>1000μm 的粒径占比最高。渗滤液中 MPs 最显著的形状、颜色和类型分别为纤维、黑色和尼龙。二丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）是渗滤液中含量最高的两种 PAEs。本研究结果表明，所有季节 MPs 的危害指数（HI）和污染负荷指数（PLI）均较高。邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）、DEHP、DBP、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DiBP）、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯（BBP）和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）对敏感生物构成高风险。本研究结果表明，大量的 MPs 和 PAEs 可能会从没有充分保护的垃圾填埋场释放到周围环境中。在垃圾填埋场位于靠近海洋环境的地区，如靠近波斯湾的布什尔垃圾填埋场，这个问题更加严重，可能会导致严重的环境问题。因此，需要对垃圾填埋场，特别是沿海地区进行永久控制和监测，以防止进一步的污染。
