USDA-ARS, Soil Management and Sugar Beet Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA.
USDA-ARS, Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8003, USA.
J Environ Qual. 2022 Jul;51(4):481-493. doi: 10.1002/jeq2.20382.
The specialization and intensification of agriculture have produced incredible gains in productivity, quality, and availability of agricultural commodities but have resulted in the separation of crop and animal production. A by-product of this separation has been the accumulation of manure regions where animal production is concentrated. Enter the "manureshed," an organizing framework for integrating animal and crop production where budgeting of manure nutrients is used to strategically guide their recycling and reuse in agricultural production systems where manure resources are of highest value. To move beyond regional nutrient balance analyses into the transformational realm required to mitigate "wicked" manure problems, manureshed management requires recognition of the challenges to systematically reorganizing resource flows. In better integrating crop and livestock systems, manureshed management must account for the unique nature of managing manure nutrients within individual livestock industries, anticipate trade-offs in substituting manure for commercial fertilizer, promote technologies to refine manure, and engage extensive social networks across scales that range from the farmgate to nation and beyond.
农业的专业化和集约化带来了农业商品生产力、质量和供应的巨大提升，但也导致了作物和动物生产的分离。这种分离的一个副产品是畜肥区的积累，在那里动物生产集中。于是就有了“畜肥流域”，这是一个整合动物和作物生产的组织框架，在这个框架中，畜肥养分预算被用来在农业生产系统中战略性地指导它们的回收和再利用，在这些系统中，畜肥资源具有最高的价值。要想超越区域性养分平衡分析，进入缓解“棘手”畜肥问题所需的变革领域，畜肥流域管理需要认识到系统地重新组织资源流动所面临的挑战。在更好地整合作物和牲畜系统方面，畜肥流域管理必须考虑到在各个牲畜产业中管理畜肥养分的独特性质，预测用畜肥代替商业肥料的权衡，推广精炼畜肥的技术，并在从农场到国家乃至更广泛的范围内广泛参与跨越多个尺度的社会网络。
