Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2022 Aug 1;237:109540. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109540. Epub 2022 Jun 16.
Syringe services programs (SSPs) are an important venue for reaching people who inject drugs (PWID) to offer preventive services; however, not all SSPs offer vaccinations. We aimed to describe barriers and opportunities for SSPs to offer vaccinations.
During June-August 2021, we conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional survey of SSP providers in the United States. SSPs were recruited from national listservs using purposive sampling to ensure geographic diversity. The survey included questions about SSP characteristics, client demographics, existing vaccination resources, resource needs, and staff perspectives on client vaccination barriers. Statistical comparisons were made using Pearson's chi-square test.
In total, 105 SSPs from 34 states responded to the survey; 46 SSPs (43.8%) offered on-site vaccinations. SSPs without on-site vaccinations were more likely operated by community-based organizations (81.4% vs 30.4%, p < 0.001) in urban areas (71.4% vs 40.0%, p = 0.002) than SSPs offering on-site vaccinations. The most common staffing need was for personnel licensed to administer vaccines (74/98, 75.5%). Over half of SSPs reported vaccine supply, administration supplies, storage equipment, and systems to follow-up clients for multidose series as important resource needs. The most common resource need was for reminder/recall systems for vaccines with multidose series (75/92, 81.5%). Vaccine safety concerns (92/95, 96.8%) and competing priorities (92/96, 95.8%) were the most common staff-reported client barriers to vaccinations.
Addressing missed opportunities for offering vaccinations to PWID who use SSPs will require increased numbers of on-site personnel licensed to administer vaccines and additional training, vaccination supplies, and storage and handling equipment.
注射器服务项目（SSP）是为注射毒品者（PWID）提供预防服务的重要场所；然而，并非所有 SSP 都提供疫苗接种。我们旨在描述 SSP 提供疫苗接种的障碍和机会。
在 2021 年 6 月至 8 月期间，我们对美国的 SSP 提供者进行了一项描述性、横断面调查。SSP 是通过有目的的抽样从全国名单中招募的，以确保地理多样性。该调查包括关于 SSP 特征、客户人口统计学、现有疫苗资源、资源需求以及员工对客户疫苗接种障碍看法的问题。使用 Pearson's chi-square 检验进行统计比较。
共有来自 34 个州的 105 个 SSP 对调查做出了回应；46 个 SSP（43.8%）提供现场疫苗接种。未提供现场疫苗接种的 SSP 更有可能由社区组织运营（81.4%比 30.4%，p<0.001），位于城市地区（71.4%比 40.0%，p=0.002），而不是提供现场疫苗接种的 SSP。最常见的人员需求是获得疫苗接种许可的人员（74/98，75.5%）。超过一半的 SSP 报告疫苗供应、管理用品、储存设备和用于多剂量系列的后续客户系统是重要的资源需求。最常见的资源需求是用于多剂量系列疫苗的提醒/召回系统（75/92，81.5%）。疫苗安全问题（92/95，96.8%）和优先事项冲突（92/96，95.8%）是员工报告的疫苗接种障碍中最常见的问题。
为使用 SSP 的 PWID 提供疫苗接种的机会，需要增加有资格接种疫苗的现场人员数量，并增加培训、疫苗接种用品以及储存和处理设备。
