Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd. (PRSB), Lot 3288 & 3289, off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 1):113751. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113751. Epub 2022 Jun 24.
The growth of global population continuously increases the demands for agroforestry-derived products, underpinning a sustainable growth of energy matrix in the sectors of food security, transportation, and industrial is momentous. The high demand for the sustainable energy sources has led to an increase in the application of pesticides associated with growing crops for the production of biofuel. In 2019, the global consumption of pesticides was 4.2 million tonnes. Case studies on life cycle assessment (LCA) of pesticides showed that toxicity is the major severe impact of pesticide usage, contributing to human toxicity (∼70%) and freshwater eco-toxicity (>50%). This alarming situation needs a solution as conventional pesticides pose various negative impacts to human and the environment, rendering the biofuel production process unsustainable. In this review, we focus on the interaction between pesticide use, biofuel production, food security for a sustainable balancing in between government benefits, environmental, and human health, aiming to track the implications and impact to the global efforts towards achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Even though, there are strict government regulations and legislations pertaining to pesticide use, and policies devised as guidelines for agroforestry sectors to implement and monitor these measures, the discrepancies still exist in between national and supranational entities. To cater the above issue, many efforts have been made to upscale the biofuel production, for example, the United States, Brazil, China and Indonesia have ventured into biofuels production from non-food-crops based feedstock while other developing nations are rapidly catching up. In this perspective, a sustainable nexus between Biofuels-Pesticides-Agroforestry (BPA) is essential to create a sustainable roadmap toward the UN SDGs, to fulfilling the energy, food, and land security. The contribution of technologies in BPA includes genetic modified crops, integrated pest and weed management with controlled release pesticides, use of nano-biopesticides is being reviewed. As a whole, the concept of biofuel processing complex (BPC) and farmers upskilling, together with the effective implementation of efficient policies and Internet of Things (IoT) would be the key to drive the BPA nexus towards fulfilment of SDGs.
全球人口的增长不断增加对农林衍生产品的需求，支撑着粮食安全、交通和工业领域能源矩阵的可持续增长至关重要。对可持续能源的高度需求导致与种植作物以生产生物燃料相关的农药应用增加。2019 年，全球农药使用量为 420 万吨。关于农药生命周期评估 (LCA) 的案例研究表明，毒性是农药使用的主要严重影响，导致人类毒性（约 70%）和淡水生态毒性（>50%）。这种令人震惊的情况需要一个解决方案，因为传统农药对人类和环境造成各种负面影响，使生物燃料生产过程不可持续。在本综述中，我们重点关注农药使用、生物燃料生产和粮食安全之间的相互作用，以在政府利益、环境和人类健康之间实现可持续平衡，旨在跟踪对全球实现联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）努力的影响和影响。尽管对农药使用有严格的政府法规和立法，并且制定了政策作为农业林业部门实施和监测这些措施的指导方针，但国家和超国家实体之间仍存在差异。为了解决上述问题，已经做出了许多努力来扩大生物燃料的生产，例如，美国、巴西、中国和印度尼西亚已经从非粮食作物的饲料中冒险生产生物燃料，而其他发展中国家也在迅速迎头赶上。从这个角度来看，生物燃料-农药-农林（BPA）之间的可持续联系对于创建实现联合国可持续发展目标的可持续路线图至关重要，以实现能源、粮食和土地安全。BPA 中的技术贡献包括转基因作物、采用控释农药的综合病虫害和杂草管理、使用纳米生物农药正在得到审查。总的来说，生物燃料加工综合体 (BPC) 的概念和农民技能提升，以及有效实施高效政策和物联网 (IoT) 将是推动 BPA 联系实现可持续发展目标的关键。
