Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, F-75006 Paris, France.
University of Leipzig, Germany.
Brain Res. 2022 Sep 15;1791:147992. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147992. Epub 2022 Jun 23.
It has been proposed that intentional action can be separated into three major types depending on the nature of the action choice - what (selecting what to do), when (selecting when to act) and whether (to perform the action or not). While many theories on action control assume that intentional action involves the prediction of action effects, there has not been any attempt to compare the three types of intentional actions (what, when, whether) with respect to action-effect prediction. Here, we employ an action-effect prediction paradigm where participants select the action on every trial based on either the what (choosing between alternative actions), when (choosing to respond at different time points) or whether (choosing to perform an action or not) action components, and each action choice is followed by either a predicted (standard) or a mispredicted (deviant) tone. We found a significant P2 difference between standard/deviant tones reflecting the formation of action-effect predictions regardless of whether the action choice was based on the 'what', 'when' or 'whether' decision. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that this P2 difference for the prediction effect was not observable in non-action trials within the 'whether' condition, which suggests an action-specific prediction process.
有人提出，根据行为选择的性质，有意行为可以分为三种主要类型——做什么（选择做什么）、何时（选择何时行动）和是否（执行行动与否）。虽然许多关于行为控制的理论都假设有意行为涉及对行为效果的预测，但还没有人试图比较三种类型的有意行为（做什么、何时、是否）在行为效果预测方面的差异。在这里，我们采用了一种行为效果预测范式，参与者在每次试验中根据“做什么”（在不同的行动之间进行选择）、“何时”（选择在不同的时间点做出反应）或“是否”（选择执行行动还是不执行）来选择行动，每个行动选择后都会出现预测（标准）或预测错误（偏差）的声音。我们发现，无论行动选择是基于“做什么”、“何时”还是“是否”决策，标准/偏差音之间都存在显著的 P2 差异，反映了对行为效果预测的形成。此外，我们的分析表明，在“是否”条件下的非行动试验中，无法观察到这种用于预测效果的 P2 差异，这表明存在特定于行动的预测过程。
