Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Microb Pathog. 2022 Aug;169:105657. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105657. Epub 2022 Jun 24.
The Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) is widespread in Africa, Asia, and Europe, among other places. The disease was initially discovered in the Crimean cities of the Soviet Union and the Congo, and it was given the name Crimean Congo because it induces hemorrhagic fever. According to studies, when the virus enters the body, it settles in immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, causing them to malfunction and secrete inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL1, and IL6, resulting in cytokine storms that induces shock via endothelial activation and vascular leakage, while on the other hand, clots and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) formation causes massive defects in various organs such as the liver and kidneys, as well as fatal bleeding. Disease prevention and treatment are crucial since no other effective vaccination against the disease has yet been developed. Immunotherapy is utilized as a consequence. One of the most effective treatments, when combined with compensatory therapies such as blood and platelet replacement, water, electrolytes, Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) replacement, and other compensatory therapies, is one of the most effective treatments. Studies; show that immunotherapy using IVIG and neutralizing and non-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies; cytokine therapy, and anti-inflammatory therapy using corticosteroids are effective ways to treat the disease.
克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒（CCHFV）广泛分布于非洲、亚洲和欧洲等地。该疾病最初在苏联的克里米亚城市和刚果被发现，因其引起出血热而得名克里米亚-刚果出血热。研究表明，当病毒进入人体后，它会在巨噬细胞和树突状细胞等免疫细胞中定居，导致它们功能失调并分泌 TNF-α、IL1 和 IL6 等炎症细胞因子，引发细胞因子风暴，通过内皮细胞激活和血管渗漏导致休克，另一方面，血栓形成和弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）形成导致肝脏和肾脏等各种器官严重受损，并导致致命性出血。由于尚未开发出针对该疾病的其他有效疫苗，因此疾病预防和治疗至关重要。因此，免疫疗法被用作一种治疗方法。当与输血、血小板替代、水、电解质、新鲜冷冻血浆（FFP）替代等代偿性治疗相结合时，免疫球蛋白静脉注射（IVIG）和中和及非中和单克隆抗体等治疗方法是最有效的治疗方法之一。研究表明，使用 IVIG 和中和及非中和单克隆抗体进行免疫疗法、细胞因子疗法以及使用皮质类固醇进行抗炎疗法是治疗该疾病的有效方法。
