Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi, New Delhi, 110012, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Aug;29(39):58405-58428. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21513-2. Epub 2022 Jun 27.
Currently, due to an increase in urbanization and industrialization around the world, a large volume of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) containing materials such as aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), protective coatings, landfill leachates, and wastewater are produced. Most of the polluted wastewaters are left untreated and discharged into the environment, which causes high environmental risks, a threat to human beings, and hampered socioeconomic growth. Developing sustainable alternatives for removing PFAS from contaminated soil and water has attracted more attention from policymakers and scientists worldwide under various conditions. This paper reviews the recent emerging technologies for the degradation or sorption of PFAS to treat contaminated soil and water. It highlights the mechanisms involved in removing these persistent contaminants at a molecular level. Recent advances in developing nanostructured and advanced reduction remediation materials, challenges, and perspectives in the future are also discussed. Among the variety of nanomaterials, modified nano-sized iron oxides are the best sorbents materials due to their specific surface area and photogenerated holes and appear extremely promising in the remediation of PFAS from contaminated soil and water.
目前，由于全球城市化和工业化的发展，产生了大量含有全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的材料，如水成膜泡沫（AFFF）、防护涂料、垃圾填埋渗滤液和废水等。大多数受污染的废水未经处理就被排放到环境中，这造成了很高的环境风险，对人类构成威胁，并阻碍了社会经济的增长。在各种条件下，开发可持续的替代方法来去除受污染土壤和水中的 PFAS 引起了全球政策制定者和科学家的更多关注。本文综述了用于降解或吸附 PFAS 以处理受污染土壤和水的新兴技术。它强调了在分子水平上去除这些持久性污染物的相关机制。还讨论了开发纳米结构和先进还原修复材料的最新进展、面临的挑战和未来的展望。在各种纳米材料中，改性纳米级氧化铁由于其比表面积和光生空穴而成为最好的吸附材料，在修复受污染土壤和水中的 PFAS 方面表现出巨大的潜力。
