Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hanover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hanover, Germany.
Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Corrensstr. 25, 48149 Münster, Germany.
J Nutr Sci. 2022 Jun 13;11:e47. doi: 10.1017/jns.2022.46. eCollection 2022.
Common carotid intima-media thickness (ccIMT) progression is a risk marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD), whereas healthy lifestyle habits are associated with lower ccIMT. The objective of the present study was to test whether a healthy lifestyle intervention can beneficially affect ccIMT progression. A community-based non-randomised, controlled lifestyle intervention was conducted, focusing on a predominantly plant-based diet (strongest emphasis), physical activity, stress management and social health. Assessments of ccIMT were made at baseline, 6 months and 1 year. Participants had an average age of 57 years and were recruited from the general population in rural northwest Germany (intervention: 114; control: 87). From baseline to 1 year, mean ccIMT significantly increased in both the intervention (0⋅026 [95 % CI 0⋅012, 0⋅039] mm) and control group (0⋅045 [95 % CI 0⋅033, 0⋅056] mm). The 1-year trajectory of mean ccIMT was lower in the intervention group ( = 0⋅022; adjusted for baseline). In a subgroup analysis with participants with high baseline mean ccIMT (≥0⋅800 mm), mean ccIMT non-significantly decreased in the intervention group (-0⋅016 [95 % CI -0⋅050, 0⋅017] mm; 18) and significantly increased in the control group (0⋅065 [95 % CI 0⋅033, 0⋅096] mm; 12). In the subgroup, the 1-year trajectory of mean ccIMT was significantly lower in the intervention group (between-group difference: -0⋅051 [95 % CI -0⋅075, -0⋅027] mm; < 0⋅001; adjusted for baseline). The results indicate that healthy lifestyle changes may beneficially affect ccIMT within 1 year, particularly if baseline ccIMT is high.
颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度（ccIMT）进展是心血管疾病（CVD）的风险标志物，而健康的生活方式习惯与较低的 ccIMT 相关。本研究的目的是测试健康的生活方式干预是否能有益地影响 ccIMT 的进展。进行了一项基于社区的非随机对照生活方式干预，重点是主要基于植物的饮食（最强的重点）、身体活动、压力管理和社会健康。在基线、6 个月和 1 年时评估 ccIMT。参与者的平均年龄为 57 岁，来自德国西北部农村的一般人群（干预组：114 人；对照组：87 人）。从基线到 1 年，干预组（0.026[95%CI0.012，0.039]mm）和对照组（0.045[95%CI0.033，0.056]mm）的平均 ccIMT 均显著增加。干预组的 1 年平均 ccIMT 轨迹较低（=0.022；根据基线调整）。在基线平均 ccIMT 较高（≥0.800mm）的参与者亚组分析中，干预组的平均 ccIMT 非显著下降（-0.016[95%CI-0.050，0.017]mm；18），对照组显著增加（0.065[95%CI0.033，0.096]mm；12）。在亚组中，干预组的 1 年平均 ccIMT 轨迹显著较低（组间差异：-0.051[95%CI-0.075，-0.027]mm；<0.001；根据基线调整）。结果表明，健康的生活方式改变可能在 1 年内有益地影响 ccIMT，特别是如果基线 ccIMT 较高。
