Shimamoto Junya, Watanabe Jun, Kotani Kazuhiko
Division of Community and Family Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-City, JPN.
Cureus. 2022 May 23;14(5):e25248. doi: 10.7759/cureus.25248. eCollection 2022 May.
The social-ecological model (SEM) provides a framework for developing multidimensional preventive strategies at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy levels. While sarcopenia forms due to multiple factors, the SEM has not yet been applied to the prevention of sarcopenia. We aimed to categorize the factors associated with sarcopenia in each level of the SEM. The electronic databases were searched between 2010 and 2021 to collect factors associated with sarcopenia. Information from guidelines, reference lists, and expert consultation was further hand-searched. The factors mentioned in the reviewed studies were classified into the SEM. In 17 studies, 42 factors associated with sarcopenia were identified; thereafter, 33 biological and individual factors were categorized at the intrapersonal level, isolation was categorized at the interpersonal level, a sedentary lifestyle was at the organizational level, community involvement and social capital were at the community level, as well as knowledge about the disease, disability, income, education, and residential area were categorized at the policy level. The categorization of factors associated with sarcopenia, based on the SEM level, may be useful in the development of preventive strategies; however, further research is required.
社会生态模型（SEM）为在个人、人际、组织、社区和政策层面制定多维预防策略提供了一个框架。虽然肌肉减少症是由多种因素形成的，但社会生态模型尚未应用于肌肉减少症的预防。我们旨在对社会生态模型各层面与肌肉减少症相关的因素进行分类。检索了2010年至2021年期间的电子数据库，以收集与肌肉减少症相关的因素。还进一步人工检索了指南、参考文献列表和专家咨询中的信息。将综述研究中提到的因素归类到社会生态模型中。在17项研究中，确定了42个与肌肉减少症相关的因素；此后，33个生物学和个体因素被归类到个人层面，孤立被归类到人际层面，久坐不动的生活方式被归类到组织层面，社区参与和社会资本被归类到社区层面，以及关于疾病、残疾、收入、教育和居住地区的知识被归类到政策层面。基于社会生态模型层面的与肌肉减少症相关因素的分类，可能对预防策略的制定有用；然而，还需要进一步的研究。
