Katz R, McGuffin P
Psychol Med. 1987 Feb;17(1):155-61. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700013052.
This study examined the relationship between personality factors and depression in subjects who may have a familial vulnerability to depression (i.e. first-degree relatives of depressed patients). Four groups comprised our study sample: relatives who had never experienced a psychiatric episode of depression; relatives who had experienced a psychiatric episode of depression but were currently well; relatives who had never experienced a psychiatric episode of depression but were currently depressed; and relatives who had experienced a past history of depression and were currently depressed. Of the four personality characteristics measured (Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism and Lie), the only significant effects between groups appeared to be attributable to Neuroticism (N). The strongest association was between current illness and N. There was also a tendency for subjects with a past history of depression to have an inflated N score. However, this appeared to be associated with the presence of current depressive symptomatology. Our findings indicate that when current symptomatology is taken into account Neuroticism does not seem to reflect the trait of liability to depression, but is strongly associated with the state of being depressed.
本研究调查了可能具有抑郁症家族易感性的受试者（即抑郁症患者的一级亲属）的人格因素与抑郁症之间的关系。我们的研究样本包括四组：从未经历过抑郁发作的亲属；曾经历过抑郁发作但目前状况良好的亲属；从未经历过抑郁发作但目前抑郁的亲属；以及有过抑郁病史且目前抑郁的亲属。在所测量的四种人格特征（精神质、外向性、神经质和掩饰倾向）中，组间唯一显著的效应似乎归因于神经质（N）。最强的关联存在于当前患病情况与神经质之间。有抑郁病史的受试者也倾向于有较高的神经质得分。然而，这似乎与当前抑郁症状的存在有关。我们的研究结果表明，当考虑到当前症状时，神经质似乎并不反映抑郁易感性特质，而是与抑郁状态密切相关。
