Duggan C, Sham P, Minne C, Lee A, Murray R
University of Nottingham Department of Psychiatry, Mapperley Hospital.
Psychol Med. 1998 Jan;28(1):185-91. doi: 10.1017/s0033291797006016.
We examined a group of subjects at familial risk of depression and explored the relationship between the perceptions of parents and a history of depression. We also investigated: (a) whether any difference in perceived parenting found between those with and without a past history of depression was an artefact of the depression; and (b) whether the relationship between parenting and depression was explained by neuroticism.
We took a sample of first-degree relatives selected from a family study in depression and subdivided them by their history of mental illness on the SADS-L, into those: (a) without a history of mental illness (N = 43); and (b) those who had fully recovered from an episode of RDC major depression (N = 34). We compared the perceptions of parenting, as measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), in these two groups having adjusted for the effect of neuroticism and subsyndromal depressive symptoms. We also had informants report on parenting of their siblings, the latter being subdivided into those with and without a past history of depression.
Relatives with a past history of depression showed lower care scores for both mother and father combined compared with the never ill relatives. The presence of a history of depression was associated with a non-significant reduction in the self-report care scores compared to the siblings report. Vulnerable personality (as measured by high neuroticism) and low perceived care were both found to exert independent effects in discriminating between the scores of relatives with and without a history of depression and there was no interaction between them.
This study confirmed that low perceived parental care was associated with a past history of depression, that it was not entirely an artefact of having been depressed, and suggested that this association was partially independent of neuroticism.
我们对一组有抑郁症家族风险的受试者进行了研究，探讨父母认知与抑郁症病史之间的关系。我们还调查了：(a) 有抑郁症病史和无抑郁症病史者在感知到的养育方式上的差异是否是抑郁症造成的假象；(b) 养育方式与抑郁症之间的关系是否可以用神经质来解释。
我们从一项抑郁症家族研究中选取了一级亲属样本，并根据他们在情感障碍和精神分裂症日程表（SADS-L）上的精神疾病史将他们分为：(a) 无精神疾病史者（N = 43）；(b) 从美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册第三版（RDC）重度抑郁发作中完全康复者（N = 34）。我们在对神经质和亚综合征抑郁症状的影响进行调整后，比较了这两组通过父母教养方式问卷（PBI）测量的养育方式认知。我们还让知情者报告他们兄弟姐妹的养育情况，后者又被分为有抑郁症病史和无抑郁症病史两类。
与从未患病的亲属相比，有抑郁症病史的亲属在母亲和父亲综合关怀得分上较低。与兄弟姐妹报告相比，抑郁症病史的存在与自我报告关怀得分的非显著降低有关。易患人格（以高神经质来衡量）和低感知关怀在区分有抑郁症病史和无抑郁症病史的亲属得分方面都有独立作用，且它们之间没有相互作用。
本研究证实，低感知父母关怀与过去的抑郁症病史有关，这并非完全是患抑郁症造成的假象，并表明这种关联部分独立于神经质。
