Cavarra Mauro, Falzone Alessandra, Ramaekers Johannes G, Kuypers Kim P C, Mento Carmela
Department of Cognitive, Psychological Science and Cultural Studies, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2022 Jun 10;13:887255. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887255. eCollection 2022.
Modern clinical research on psychedelics is generating interesting outcomes in a wide array of clinical conditions when psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is delivered to appropriately screened participants and in controlled settings. Still, a number of patients relapse or are less responsive to such treatments. Individual and contextual factors (i.e., set and setting) seem to play a role in shaping the psychedelic experience and in determining clinical outcomes. These findings, coupled with data from literature on the effectiveness of psychotherapy, frame the therapeutic context as a potential moderator of clinical efficacy, highlighting the need to investigate how to functionally employ environmental and relational factors. In this review, we performed a structured search through two databases (i.e., PubMed/Medline and Scopus) to identify records of clinical studies on psychedelics which used and described a structured associated psychotherapeutic intervention. The aim is to construct a picture of what models of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy are currently adopted in clinical research and to report on their clinical outcomes. and adapted therapeutic methods were identified. Common principles, points of divergence and future directions are highlighted and discussed with special attention toward therapeutic stance, degree of directiveness and the potential suggestive effects of information provided to patients.
当在经过适当筛选的参与者且处于可控环境中实施迷幻剂辅助心理治疗时，现代关于迷幻剂的临床研究在一系列临床病症中产生了有趣的结果。然而，仍有一些患者会复发或对此类治疗反应欠佳。个体和情境因素（即心态和环境）似乎在塑造迷幻体验以及决定临床结果方面发挥着作用。这些发现，再加上来自心理治疗有效性文献的数据，将治疗背景视为临床疗效的潜在调节因素，凸显了研究如何有效利用环境和关系因素的必要性。在本综述中，我们通过两个数据库（即PubMed/Medline和Scopus）进行了结构化检索，以识别关于迷幻剂的临床研究记录，这些研究使用并描述了结构化的相关心理治疗干预措施。目的是构建一幅当前临床研究中采用的迷幻剂辅助心理治疗模式的图景，并报告其临床结果。并确定了适应性治疗方法。突出并讨论了共同原则、分歧点和未来方向，特别关注治疗立场、指导程度以及提供给患者的信息的潜在暗示效果。
