Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jun 9;13:900594. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900594. eCollection 2022.
Organ allotransplantation has now reached an impassable ceiling inherent to the limited supply of human donor organs. In the United States, there are currently over 100,000 individuals on the national transplant waiting list awaiting a kidney, heart, and/or liver transplant. This is in contrast with only a fraction of them receiving a living or deceased donor allograft. Given the morbidity, mortality, costs, or absence of supportive treatments, xenotransplant has the potential to address the critical shortage in organ grafts. Last decade research efforts focused on creation of donor organs from pigs with various genes edited out using CRISPR technologies and utilizing non-human primates for trial. Three groups in the United States have recently moved forward with trials in human subjects and obtained initial successful results with pig-to-human heart and kidney xenotransplantation. This review serves as a brief discussion of the recent progress in xenotransplantation research, particularly as it concerns utilization of porcine heart, renal, and liver xenografts in clinical practice.
器官同种异体移植现在已经达到了一个不可逾越的瓶颈，这是由于人类供体器官的有限供应所固有的。在美国，目前有超过 10 万名患者在全国移植等待名单上等待肾、心和/或肝移植。与之形成鲜明对比的是，只有一小部分患者接受了活体或已故供体同种异体移植物。鉴于发病率、死亡率、成本或缺乏支持性治疗，异种移植有可能解决器官移植物的严重短缺问题。过去十年的研究工作集中在使用 CRISPR 技术编辑各种基因的猪身上创造供体器官，并利用非人类灵长类动物进行试验。美国的三个小组最近在人体试验中取得了进展，并在猪到人的心脏和肾脏异种移植方面取得了初步成功。这篇综述简要讨论了异种移植研究的最新进展，特别是涉及在临床实践中使用猪心、肾和肝异种移植物的情况。
