Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Cachoeria do Sul, Cachoeira Do Sul, RS, 96506-322, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Nov;29(55):82844-82854. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21515-0. Epub 2022 Jun 27.
High soil copper (Cu) concentrations in vineyards can cause phytotoxicity to grapevine rootstocks. In order to mitigate toxicity, the use of grapevine rootstock genetic variation and the application of amendments are possible strategies. The aim of this study is to assess the tolerance of grapevine rootstocks to Cu excess and whether phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) can reduce phytotoxicity caused by Cu. Grapevine rootstock seedlings were produced from selected stakes: Paulsen 1103 (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris); SO4 (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis riparia); IAC 572 ((Vitis Riparia × Vitis rupestris) × Vitis caribaea); and Isabel (Vitis labrusca). Seedlings were grown in nutrition solution added with the following treatments: 0.3 µM Cu (control); 60 µM Cu; 60 µM Cu and 62 mg L P; 60 µM Cu and 400 mg L Ca. High Cu concentration caused phytotoxicity in all rootstocks, impairing their growth and decreasing nutrient concentration and photosynthetic activity. P and Ca addition had positive effect on the photosynthetic activity of all rootstocks, although it was not enough to revert growth to levels comparable with controls. Overall, based on the results, the application of P and Ca was not efficient in mitigating Cu phytotoxicity in grapevine plants grown in solution. Isabel was the most sensitive rootstock to Cu phytotoxicity, whereas Paulsen 1103 and SO4 presented more tolerance and can be used, together with other management strategies, in contaminated vineyard areas. Therefore, careful genotype rootstock selection for use in high Cu soils is important, while Ca and P are not efficient mitigators of Cu toxicity.
葡萄园土壤铜（Cu）浓度过高会导致葡萄砧木出现毒性。为了减轻毒性，可以利用葡萄砧木遗传变异和施用改良剂。本研究旨在评估葡萄砧木对 Cu 过量的耐受性，以及磷（P）和钙（Ca）是否可以减轻 Cu 引起的毒性。选择 stakes 生产葡萄砧木幼苗：Paulsen 1103（Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris）；SO4（Vitis berlandieri × Vitis riparia）；IAC 572（（Vitis Riparia × Vitis rupestris）× Vitis caribaea）；和 Isabel（Vitis labrusca）。幼苗在添加以下处理的营养液中生长：0.3 µM Cu（对照）；60 µM Cu；60 µM Cu 和 62 mg L P；60 µM Cu 和 400 mg L Ca。高 Cu 浓度会导致所有砧木出现毒性，从而损害其生长，降低养分浓度和光合作用活性。P 和 Ca 的添加对所有砧木的光合作用活性都有积极影响，尽管这还不足以使生长恢复到与对照相当的水平。总体而言，根据结果，在溶液中生长的葡萄植物中，P 和 Ca 的应用在减轻 Cu 毒性方面效果不佳。Isabel 是对 Cu 毒性最敏感的砧木，而 Paulsen 1103 和 SO4 则具有更高的耐受性，可与其他管理策略一起用于受污染的葡萄园地区。因此，在高 Cu 土壤中使用时，仔细选择基因型砧木非常重要，而 Ca 和 P 不是减轻 Cu 毒性的有效措施。
