Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Foundation Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2022;1379:525-552. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_21.
Liquid biopsy has emerged as one of the main pillars for personalized oncology. The term englobes body-fluid samples which contain tumor-derived material such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and circulating extracellular vesicles (cEVs). Potential clinical application of liquid biopsy analyses includes cancer screening, detection of minimal residual disease and recurrence, therapy selection, and evaluation of acquired resistance. Despite the great developments of technology focused on circulating biomarkers characterization only cfDNA testing is nowadays implemented for the therapy selection in some advanced tumors. This can be partially explained by the fact that there is still a lack of global standardization of procedures both in the pre-analytical and analytical steps. In the present chapter, we summarize the different strategies for addressing the study of liquid biopsy taking into account their pros and cons to be applied in a clinical context and we also discuss the main technical and clinical challenges in the field of circulating biomarkers and personalized oncology.
液体活检已成为个性化肿瘤学的主要支柱之一。该术语包含体液样本，其中包含肿瘤衍生物质，如循环肿瘤 DNA（ctDNA）、循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）和循环细胞外囊泡（cEVs）。液体活检分析的潜在临床应用包括癌症筛查、检测微小残留疾病和复发、治疗选择以及获得性耐药评估。尽管专注于循环生物标志物表征的技术取得了很大进展，但目前仅对某些高级肿瘤进行 cfDNA 检测以用于治疗选择。这在一定程度上可以解释为，在分析前和分析步骤中仍然缺乏全球标准化程序。在本章中，我们总结了不同的策略来研究液体活检，考虑到它们在临床环境中的优缺点，并讨论了循环生物标志物和个性化肿瘤学领域的主要技术和临床挑战。
