Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, MSc. in Biostatistics, Mizan-Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2023 Aug;10(4):1693-1702. doi: 10.1007/s40615-022-01354-y. Epub 2022 Jun 27.
Early antenatal care visits enhance early detection and treatment of pregnancy problems, resulting in optimal delivery management. This study aimed to assess the late initiation of antenatal care visits among pregnant women in rural parts of Ethiopia.
A 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey provided the data for this study and a population-based cross-sectional study was conducted during data collection. Only 3065 women from rural areas were included in this study due to having complete information from all eligible women aged 15 to 49 who participated in the interview during data collection. SPSS-20 and R-4.1.2 statistical software were used to examine the data. The factors associated with the late initiation of antenatal care visits were identified using descriptive analysis and a binary logistic regression model.
This finding revealed that only 31% of women visited their initial antenatal care within the first 3 months. The distance between the health facility and the participants was a concern for 87.7% of the participants. Our research found that women's education, maternal age, region, media access, women's occupation, distance from the health facility, wealth index, pregnancy complication, and pregnancy plan all had significant effects on the late initiation of antenatal care visits. When compared to the reference group, women with a secondary and above education (AOR = 1.52, p-value = 0.02), women in age group 30-34 (AOR = 1.57, p-value = 0.02), and women in age group 35-39 (AOR = 1.56, p-value = 0.03), women with media access (AOR = 2.4, p-value = 0.04), richer women's (AOR = 1.29, p-value ≤ 0.001), women with pregnancy previous complication (AOR = 1.58, p-value ≤ 0.001), and women who had plan to the pregnancy (AOR = 1.26, p-value = 0.02) were more likely to start visiting ANC service earlier. In addition, private worker mothers, housewife women, and mothers having distance problems were less likely to visit antenatal care service before or at 12 weeks of gestation compared to those mothers in reference categories of each variable.
In Ethiopia, particularly in rural areas, early registration to antenatal care visits was extremely low. Community-based services such as media coverage, education, transportation, and raising awareness about the need of receiving antenatal care services early are required to encourage expecting mothers to attend their ANC appointment on time.
早期的产前保健可以更早地发现和治疗妊娠问题，从而实现最佳的分娩管理。本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚农村地区孕妇的产前保健就诊开始时间较晚的问题。
2016 年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查的数据为本研究提供了依据，在数据收集期间进行了一项基于人群的横断面研究。由于在数据收集期间，所有符合条件的 15 至 49 岁接受访谈的妇女都提供了完整的信息，因此仅对来自农村地区的 3065 名妇女进行了此项研究。使用 SPSS-20 和 R-4.1.2 统计软件来检查数据。使用描述性分析和二元逻辑回归模型确定与产前保健就诊开始时间较晚相关的因素。
本研究发现，只有 31%的妇女在怀孕的前 3 个月内进行了首次产前保健。距离保健机构较远是 87.7%的参与者关心的问题。我们的研究发现，妇女的教育程度、年龄、地区、媒体接触、职业、距离保健机构的距离、财富指数、妊娠并发症和妊娠计划都对产前保健就诊开始时间较晚有显著影响。与参考组相比，接受过中等或以上教育的妇女（AOR=1.52，p 值=0.02）、年龄在 30-34 岁的妇女（AOR=1.57，p 值=0.02）、年龄在 35-39 岁的妇女（AOR=1.56，p 值=0.03）、能够接触媒体的妇女（AOR=2.4，p 值=0.04）、较富裕的妇女（AOR=1.29，p 值≤0.001）、有过妊娠并发症的妇女（AOR=1.58，p 值≤0.001）和有妊娠计划的妇女（AOR=1.26，p 值=0.02）更早开始接受 ANC 服务。此外，与每个变量的参考类别相比，私营部门工人的母亲、家庭主妇的母亲和有距离问题的母亲，更不可能在怀孕 12 周之前或在 12 周时去接受产前保健服务。
在埃塞俄比亚，特别是在农村地区，早期登记产前保健就诊的比例极低。需要开展以社区为基础的服务，例如媒体宣传、教育、交通以及提高对早期接受产前保健服务必要性的认识，以鼓励孕妇按时进行 ANC 预约。
