Milano Walter, Carizzone Francesca, De Biasio Valeria, Angela Mercorio Maria, Francesca Milano Maria, Saetta Biancamaria, Capasso Anna
U.O.S.D. Eating Disorder Unit, Mental Health Department, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80027 Napoli, Italy.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy.
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2023;23(3):283-293. doi: 10.2174/1871530322666220627125642.
The ubiquity of the obesity condition in the United States, Europe and other regions with developed economies will associate to a significant adverse impact on public health. Numerous data indicate that social, behavioral, neuroendocrine, and metabolic factors may encourage compulsive eating behaviors thus increasing the risk of obesity. Several pathological conditions overlap with excess weight. Among the most common, there are binge eating disorder (BED) and food addiction (FA), which share several neurobiological and behavioral aspects with substance addictions. BED has many features in common with addictive behavior, such as loss of control and the need to frequently repeat the dysfunctional pattern despite negative consequences. The food addiction hypothesis assumes that exposure to highly palatable foods alters the reward circuits of the brain, resulting in a behavioral phenotype similar to substance addiction and facilitating dysfunctional eating behaviors, such as binge eating crises. In this review, over 100 publications, researched on MEDLINE from 2000 until march 2021, were included since they evaluate neuroendocrine changes, emotional homeostatic factors and the reward circuit, associating them with exposure to highly palatable foods, loss of control, the way we eat, the increase in impulsiveness and the inability to change eating behavior despite the negative consequences related to overweight and obesity. Finally, understanding the underlying neurobiological circuits of compulsive eating behaviors and food addiction could result in a great therapeutic potential for patients suffering from ailments nutrition and obesity.
肥胖症在美国、欧洲以及其他发达经济体地区普遍存在，这将对公众健康产生重大不利影响。大量数据表明，社会、行为、神经内分泌和代谢因素可能会促使强迫性进食行为，从而增加肥胖风险。一些病理状况与超重情况重叠。其中最常见的是暴饮暴食症（BED）和食物成瘾（FA），它们在神经生物学和行为方面与物质成瘾有一些共同之处。暴饮暴食症与成瘾行为有许多共同特征，比如失去控制，尽管有负面后果，仍需要频繁重复这种功能失调的模式。食物成瘾假说认为，接触高美味食物会改变大脑的奖赏回路，导致一种类似于物质成瘾的行为表型，并促使出现功能失调的进食行为，比如暴饮暴食危机。在这篇综述中，纳入了2000年至2021年3月期间在医学文献数据库（MEDLINE）上检索到的100多篇出版物，因为它们评估了神经内分泌变化、情绪稳态因素和奖赏回路，并将它们与接触高美味食物、失去控制、我们的饮食方式、冲动性增加以及尽管存在与超重和肥胖相关的负面后果但仍无法改变进食行为联系起来。最后，了解强迫性进食行为和食物成瘾的潜在神经生物学回路可能会为患有营养和肥胖疾病的患者带来巨大的治疗潜力。
